Components

Project #22: Synthesizer – 4 Stages – Mk11

Published August 27, 2022 | By DonLuc

——

#DonLucElectronics #DonLuc #Synthesizer #Mozzi #Keyboard #ADSREnvelope #Arduino #SparkFunRedBoard #Project #Fritzing #Programming #Electronics #Microcontrollers #Consultant

——

4 Stages of an ADSR Envelope

An ADSR envelope features these four stages.

1 Attack: The attack phase begins the moment a key is pressed. This phase determines how quickly a sound reaches full volume before entering the decay phase. On an analog synthesizer, this phase is typically instantaneous. Some modern synthesizers allow for the attack time to be delayed.
2 Decay: The decay phase determines the length of the drop from the peak level to the sustain level of a sound. The decay time can often be altered to change the overall sound. For instance, a short attack and a long decay will produce a sound that reaches maximum amplitude quickly and falls slowly to the sustain level.
3 Sustain: The sustain phase does not specify a length of time. Instead, it determines the volume of a sound for the entire hold time between the decay and release phases.
4 Release: The final phase determines the speed at which a sound ends from the moment you release the key. Depending on the desired sound, the release time can be short or long.

DL2208Mk04

1 x SparkFun RedBoard
7 x Momentary Button – Panel Mount (Blue)
5 x Momentary Button – Panel Mount (Black)
12 x 10K Ohm Resistor
5 x 10k Ohm Slide Linear Taper Pot – X-Large
5 x Slide Potentiometer Knob – X-Large
1 x Perfboard 13.5 cm x 11 cm
1 x SparkFun Solderable Breadboard
1 x Audio Jack 3.5mm
1 x SparkFun Audio Jack Breakout
1 x SparkFun ProtoShield
1 x Insignia Speakers
1 x SparkFun Cerberus USB Cable

SparkFun RedBoard

LP0 – Analog A0 – Blue
LP1 – Analog A1 – Green
LP2 – Analog A2 – Grey
LP3 – Analog A3 – Yellow
LP4 – Analog A4 – Purple
KY1 – 1
KY2 – 2
KY3 – 3
KY4 – 4
KY5 – 5
KY6 – 6
KY7 – 7
KY8 – 8
SPK – 9
KY10 – 10
KY11 – 11
KY12 – 12
KY13 – 13
VIN – +5V
GND – GND

DL2208Mk04p.ino

/* ***** Don Luc Electronics © *****
Software Version Information
Project #22: Synthesizer - 4 Stages - Mk11
22-11
DL2208Mk04p.ino
1 x SparkFun RedBoard
7 x Momentary Button - Panel Mount (Blue)
5 x Momentary Button - Panel Mount (Black)
12 x 1K Ohm Resistor
5 x 10k Ohm Slide Linear Taper Pot - X-Large
5 x Slide Potentiometer Knob - X-Large
1 x Perfboard 13.5 cm x 11 cm
1 x SparkFun Solderable Breadboard
1 x Audio Jack 3.5mm
1 x SparkFun Audio Jack Breakout
1 x SparkFun ProtoShield
1 x Insignia Speakers
1 x SparkFun Cerberus USB Cable
*/

// Include the Library Code
// Pitches
#include "pitches.h"
// Mozzi
#include <MozziGuts.h>
// Oscillator
#include <Oscil.h>
// Sine Wave Table For Oscillator
#include <tables/sin2048_int8.h>
// ADSR envelope generator
#include <ADSR.h>

// Simple Keyboard
// Minimum reading of the button that generates a note
const int iKeyboard1 = 1;
const int iKeyboard2 = 2;
const int iKeyboard3 = 3;
const int iKeyboard4 = 4;
const int iKeyboard5 = 5;
const int iKeyboard6 = 6;
const int iKeyboard7 = 7;
const int iKeyboard8 = 8;
const int iKeyboard10 = 10;
const int iKeyboard11 = 11;
const int iKeyboard12 = 12;
const int iKeyboard13 = 13;
// Button is pressed
int iB1 = 1;
int iB2 = 1;
int iB3 = 1;
int iB4 = 1;
int iB5 = 1;
int iB6 = 1;
int iB7 = 1;
int iB8 = 1;
int iB10 = 1;
int iB11 = 1;
int iB12 = 1;
int iB13 = 1;

// Set the input for the potentiometer for Frequency to analog pin 2
const int potFreq = A2;
int iFreg = 1;
int iNoteA = 0;
int iNoteAS = 0;
int iNoteB = 0;
int iNoteC = 0;
int iNoteCS = 0;
int iNoteD = 0;
int iNoteDS = 0;
int iNoteE = 0;
int iNoteF = 0;
int iNoteFS = 0;
int iNoteG = 0;
int iNoteGS = 0;

// Potentiometer
int iPot3 = A3;
int iPot4 = A4;

//Oscillator Functions declared for output envelope 1 
// Sine Wave
Oscil <2048, AUDIO_RATE> aSin1(SIN2048_DATA);

// ADSR declaration/definition
// Comment out to use control rate of 128
#define CONTROL_RATE 128
ADSR <CONTROL_RATE, CONTROL_RATE> envelope1;

// Set the input for the potentiometer Attack to analog pin 1
const int potAttack = A0;
// Attack
int attack_level = 0;
int iAttack = 0;

// Set the input for the potentiometer for Decay to analog pin 2
const int potDecay = A1;
// Decay
int decay_level = 0;
int iDecay = 0;

// Software Version Information
String sver = "22-11";

void loop() {

  // Audio Hook
  audioHook();
  
}

getKeyboard.ino

// getKeyboard
// setupKeyboard
void setupKeyboard() {

  // Initialize the button pin as an input
  pinMode(iKeyboard1, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(iKeyboard2, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(iKeyboard3, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(iKeyboard4, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(iKeyboard5, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(iKeyboard6, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(iKeyboard7, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(iKeyboard8, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(iKeyboard10, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(iKeyboard11, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(iKeyboard12, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(iKeyboard13, INPUT_PULLUP);
 
}
// isKeyboard
void isKeyboard() {

  // Choose envelope levels
  // attack_level
  iAttack = mozziAnalogRead( potAttack );
  attack_level = map( iAttack, 0, 1023, 100, 400);
  // Attack Level
  envelope1.setAttackLevel( attack_level );
  // decay_level
  iDecay = mozziAnalogRead( potDecay );
  decay_level = map( iDecay, 0, 1023, 50, 255);
  // Decay Level
  envelope1.setDecayLevel( decay_level );

  // Read the state of the button value 1
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard1) == HIGH ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally 1
    iB1 = iB1 + 1;
    // ADSR declaration/definition
    envelope1.noteOn();
    aSin1.setFreq(iNoteA);

  }
  else
  {
    
    iB1 = iB1 - 1;

  }

  // Read the state of the button value 2
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard2) == HIGH ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally 2
    iB2 = iB2 + 1;
    // ADSR declaration/definition
    envelope1.noteOn();
    aSin1.setFreq(iNoteAS);

  }
  else
  {
    
    iB2 = iB2 - 1;
 
  }

  // Read the state of the button value 3
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard3) == HIGH ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally 3
    iB3 = iB3 + 1;
    // ADSR declaration/definition
    envelope1.noteOn();
    aSin1.setFreq(iNoteB);

  }
  else
  {
    
    iB3 = iB3 - 1;
 
  }

  // Read the state of the button value 4
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard4) == HIGH ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally 4
    iB4 = iB4 + 1;
    // ADSR declaration/definition
    envelope1.noteOn();
    aSin1.setFreq(iNoteC);

  }
  else
  {
    
    iB4 = iB4 - 1;
 
  }

  // Read the state of the button value 5
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard5) == HIGH ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally 5
    iB5 = iB5 + 1;
    // ADSR declaration/definition
    envelope1.noteOn();
    aSin1.setFreq(iNoteCS);

  }
  else
  {
    
    iB5 = iB5 - 1;
 
  }

  // Read the state of the button value 6
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard6) == HIGH ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally 6
    iB6 = iB6 + 1;
    // ADSR declaration/definition
    envelope1.noteOn();
    aSin1.setFreq(iNoteD);

  }
  else
  {
    
    iB6 = iB6 - 1;

  }

  // Read the state of the button value 7
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard7) == HIGH ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally 7
    iB7 = iB7 + 1;
    // ADSR declaration/definition
    envelope1.noteOn();
    aSin1.setFreq(iNoteDS);

  }
  else
  {
    
    iB7 = iB7 - 1;
 
  }

  // Read the state of the button value 8
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard8) == HIGH ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally 8
    iB8 = iB8 + 1;
    // ADSR declaration/definition
    envelope1.noteOn();
    aSin1.setFreq(iNoteE);

  }
  else
  {
    
    iB8 = iB8 - 1;

  }

  // Read the state of the button value 10
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard10) == HIGH ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally 10
    iB10 = iB10 + 1;
    // ADSR declaration/definition
    envelope1.noteOn();
    aSin1.setFreq(iNoteF);

  }
  else
  {
    
    iB10 = iB10 - 1;

  }

  // Read the state of the button value 11
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard11) == HIGH ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally 11
    iB11 = iB11 + 1;
    // ADSR declaration/definition
    envelope1.noteOn();
    aSin1.setFreq(iNoteFS);

  }
  else
  {
    
    iB11 = iB11 - 1;
 
  }

  // Read the state of the button value 12
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard12) == HIGH ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally 12
    iB12 = iB12 + 1;
    // ADSR declaration/definition
    envelope1.noteOn();
    aSin1.setFreq(iNoteG);

  }
  else
  {
    
    iB12 = iB12 - 1;
    
  }

  // Read the state of the button value 13
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard13) == HIGH ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally 13
    iB13 = iB13 + 1;
    // ADSR declaration/definition
    envelope1.noteOn();
    aSin1.setFreq(iNoteGS);

  }
  else
  {
    
    iB13 = iB13 - 1;

  }

}

getMozzi.ino

// Mozzi
// Update Control
void updateControl(){

  // Frequency
  isPitches();
  
  // Keyboard
  isKeyboard();

}
// Update Audio
int updateAudio()
{

  // Update Audio
  // ADSR declaration/definition
  envelope1.update();
  // >>8 for AUDIO_MODE STANDARD
  return (int) (envelope1.next() * aSin1.next())>>8;

}

getPitches.ino

// Pitches
// isPitches
void isPitches(){
  
  // Frequency
  // Value is 0-1023
  iFreg = mozziAnalogRead(potFreq);
  iFreg = map(iFreg, 0, 1023, 2, 6);

  // Range Frequency Note Low => High
  switch ( iFreg ) {
    case 1:
      // NOTE A1
      iNoteA = NOTE_A1;
      iNoteAS = NOTE_AS1;
      iNoteB = NOTE_B1;
      iNoteC = NOTE_C2;
      iNoteCS = NOTE_CS2;
      iNoteD = NOTE_D2;
      iNoteDS = NOTE_DS2;
      iNoteE = NOTE_E2;
      iNoteF = NOTE_F2;
      iNoteFS = NOTE_FS2;
      iNoteG = NOTE_G2;
      iNoteGS = NOTE_GS2;
      break;
    case 2:
      // NOTE A2
      iNoteA = NOTE_A2;
      iNoteAS = NOTE_AS2;
      iNoteB = NOTE_B2;
      iNoteC = NOTE_C3;
      iNoteCS = NOTE_CS3;
      iNoteD = NOTE_D3;
      iNoteDS = NOTE_DS3;
      iNoteE = NOTE_E3;
      iNoteF = NOTE_F3;
      iNoteFS = NOTE_FS3;
      iNoteG = NOTE_G3;
      iNoteGS = NOTE_GS3;
      break;
    case 3:
      // NOTE A3
      iNoteA = NOTE_A3;
      iNoteAS = NOTE_AS3;
      iNoteB = NOTE_B3;
      iNoteC = NOTE_C4;
      iNoteD = NOTE_D4;
      iNoteDS = NOTE_DS4;
      iNoteE = NOTE_E4;
      iNoteF = NOTE_F4;
      iNoteFS = NOTE_FS4;
      iNoteG = NOTE_G4;
      iNoteGS = NOTE_GS4;
      break;
    case 4:
      // NOTE A4
      iNoteA = NOTE_A4;
      iNoteAS = NOTE_AS4;
      iNoteB = NOTE_B4;
      iNoteC = NOTE_C5;
      iNoteCS = NOTE_CS5;
      iNoteD = NOTE_D5;
      iNoteE = NOTE_E5;
      iNoteF = NOTE_F5;
      iNoteFS = NOTE_FS5;
      iNoteG = NOTE_G5;
      iNoteGS = NOTE_GS5;
      break;
    case 5:
      // NOTE A5
      iNoteA = NOTE_A5;
      iNoteAS = NOTE_AS5;
      iNoteB = NOTE_B5;
      iNoteC = NOTE_C6;
      iNoteCS = NOTE_CS6;
      iNoteD = NOTE_D6;
      iNoteDS = NOTE_DS6;
      iNoteE = NOTE_E6;
      iNoteF = NOTE_F6;
      iNoteFS = NOTE_FS6;
      iNoteG = NOTE_G6;
      iNoteGS = NOTE_GS6;
      break;
    case 6:
      // NOTE A6
      iNoteA = NOTE_A6;
      iNoteAS = NOTE_AS6;
      iNoteB = NOTE_B6;
      iNoteC = NOTE_C7;
      iNoteCS = NOTE_CS7;
      iNoteD = NOTE_D7;
      iNoteDS = NOTE_DS7;
      iNoteE = NOTE_E7;
      iNoteF = NOTE_F7;
      iNoteFS = NOTE_FS7;
      iNoteG = NOTE_G7;
      iNoteGS = NOTE_GS7;
      break;
  }
  
}

pitches.h

/*****************************************************************
 * Pitches NOTE_B0 <=> NOTE_DS8 - NOTE_A4 is "A" measured at 440Hz
 *****************************************************************/

#define NOTE_B0  31
#define NOTE_C1  33
#define NOTE_CS1  35
#define NOTE_D1  37
#define NOTE_DS1  39
#define NOTE_E1  41
#define NOTE_F1  44
#define NOTE_FS1  46
#define NOTE_G1  49
#define NOTE_GS1  52
#define NOTE_A1  55
#define NOTE_AS1  58
#define NOTE_B1  62
#define NOTE_C2  65
#define NOTE_CS2  69
#define NOTE_D2  73
#define NOTE_DS2  78
#define NOTE_E2  82
#define NOTE_F2  87
#define NOTE_FS2  93
#define NOTE_G2  98
#define NOTE_GS2  104
#define NOTE_A2  110
#define NOTE_AS2  117
#define NOTE_B2  123
#define NOTE_C3  131
#define NOTE_CS3  139
#define NOTE_D3  147
#define NOTE_DS3  156
#define NOTE_E3  165
#define NOTE_F3  175
#define NOTE_FS3 185
#define NOTE_G3  196
#define NOTE_GS3  208
#define NOTE_A3  220
#define NOTE_AS3  233
#define NOTE_B3  247
#define NOTE_C4  262
#define NOTE_CS4  277
#define NOTE_D4  294
#define NOTE_DS4 311
#define NOTE_E4  330
#define NOTE_F4  349
#define NOTE_FS4  370
#define NOTE_G4  392
#define NOTE_GS4  415
#define NOTE_A4  440
#define NOTE_AS4  466
#define NOTE_B4  494
#define NOTE_C5  523
#define NOTE_CS5  554
#define NOTE_D5  587
#define NOTE_DS5  622
#define NOTE_E5  659
#define NOTE_F5  698
#define NOTE_FS5  740
#define NOTE_G5  784
#define NOTE_GS5  831
#define NOTE_A5  880
#define NOTE_AS5  932
#define NOTE_B5  988
#define NOTE_C6  1047
#define NOTE_CS6  1109
#define NOTE_D6  1175
#define NOTE_DS6  1245
#define NOTE_E6  1319
#define NOTE_F6  1397
#define NOTE_FS6  1480
#define NOTE_G6  1568
#define NOTE_GS6  1661
#define NOTE_A6  1760
#define NOTE_AS6  1865
#define NOTE_B6  1976
#define NOTE_C7  2093
#define NOTE_CS7  2217
#define NOTE_D7  2349
#define NOTE_DS7  2489
#define NOTE_E7  2637
#define NOTE_F7  2794
#define NOTE_FS7  2960
#define NOTE_G7  3136
#define NOTE_GS7  3322
#define NOTE_A7  3520
#define NOTE_AS7  3729
#define NOTE_B7  3951
#define NOTE_C8  4186
#define NOTE_CS8  4435
#define NOTE_D8  4699
#define NOTE_DS8  4978

setup.ino

// Setup
void setup() {

  // Setup Keyboard
  setupKeyboard();

  // Mozzi Start
  startMozzi( CONTROL_RATE );
  // Sets Attack and Decay Levels; assumes Sustain, Decay, and Idle times
  envelope1.setADLevels(200,200);
  // Sets Decay time in milliseconds
  envelope1.setDecayTime(200);
  // Sustain Time setting for envelope1
  envelope1.setSustainTime(52500);

}

——

People can contact us: https://www.donluc.com/?page_id=1927

Technology Experience

Single-Board Microcontrollers (PIC, Arduino, Raspberry Pi,Espressif, etc…)
IoT
Robotics
Camera and Video Capture Receiver Stationary, Wheel/Tank and Underwater Vehicle
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Research & Development (R & D)

Instructor and E-Mentor

IoT
PIC Microcontrollers
Arduino
Raspberry Pi
Espressif
Robotics

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https://www.jlpconsultants.com/luc/

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Don Luc

Posted in #22 - Synthesizer, Arduino, Consultant, Digital Electronics, Fritzing, Microcontrollers, Musical Instruments, Program Arduino, Projects, SparkFun, Steren, Synth | Tagged 4 Stages, Arduino, Components, Consultant, Electronics, Fritzing, Microcontrollers, Musical Instrument, Programming, Project, SparkFun, Synth, Synthesizer, Technology, Video Blog | Leave a comment

Project #22: Synthesizer – ADSR Envelope – Mk10

Published August 20, 2022 | By DonLuc

——

#DonLucElectronics #DonLuc #Synthesizer #Mozzi #Keyboard #ADSREnvelope #Arduino #SparkFunRedBoard #Project #Fritzing #Programming #Electronics #Microcontrollers #Consultant

——

What Is an Envelope in Music?

An envelope is a term used to describe the evolution of a sound in a piece of music. Envelopes are fed through an envelope generator, the component within an analog synthesizer that signals when and how a sound should change. The envelope defines the trajectory and modulation of a sound, while the envelope generator controls the behavior of the envelope.

What Is an ADSR Envelope?

An ADSR envelope is a type of envelope control mechanism commonly found in the synthesizer and samplers used in electronic music. ADSR stands for the envelope’s four stages of modulation: attack, decay, sustain, and release. These stages control the level of the sound from the moment you press a key or advance a music sequencer.

In sound design, ADSR envelopes are typically used to control the loudness of a sound. ADSR envelopes typically produce a sound that takes the shape of a waveform rising in the attack stage, slightly declining during the decay stage, plateauing during the sustain stage, and finally falling at the return stage.

DL2208Mk03

SparkFun RedBoard

——

DL2208Mk03p.ino

/* ***** Don Luc Electronics © *****
Software Version Information
Project #22: Synthesizer - ADSR Envelope - Mk10
22-10
DL2208Mk03p.ino
1 x SparkFun RedBoard
7 x Momentary Button - Panel Mount (Blue)
5 x Momentary Button - Panel Mount (Black)
12 x 1K Ohm Resistor
5 x 10k Ohm Slide Linear Taper Pot - X-Large
5 x Slide Potentiometer Knob - X-Large
1 x Perfboard 13.5 cm x 11 cm
1 x SparkFun Solderable Breadboard
1 x Audio Jack 3.5mm
1 x SparkFun Audio Jack Breakout
1 x SparkFun ProtoShield
1 x Insignia Speakers
1 x SparkFun Cerberus USB Cable
*/

// Include the Library Code
// Pitches
#include "pitches.h"
// Mozzi
#include <MozziGuts.h>
// Oscillator
#include <Oscil.h>
// Sine Wave Table For Oscillator
#include <tables/sin2048_int8.h>
// ADSR envelope generator
#include <ADSR.h>

// Simple Keyboard
// Minimum reading of the button that generates a note
const int iKeyboard1 = 1;
const int iKeyboard2 = 2;
const int iKeyboard3 = 3;
const int iKeyboard4 = 4;
const int iKeyboard5 = 5;
const int iKeyboard6 = 6;
const int iKeyboard7 = 7;
const int iKeyboard8 = 8;
const int iKeyboard10 = 10;
const int iKeyboard11 = 11;
const int iKeyboard12 = 12;
const int iKeyboard13 = 13;
// Button is pressed
int iB1 = 1;
int iB2 = 1;
int iB3 = 1;
int iB4 = 1;
int iB5 = 1;
int iB6 = 1;
int iB7 = 1;
int iB8 = 1;
int iB10 = 1;
int iB11 = 1;
int iB12 = 1;
int iB13 = 1;

// Set the input for the potentiometer for Frequency to analog pin 3
//const int potFreq = A3;
int iFreg = 1;
int iNoteA = 0;
int iNoteAS = 0;
int iNoteB = 0;
int iNoteC = 0;
int iNoteCS = 0;
int iNoteD = 0;
int iNoteDS = 0;
int iNoteE = 0;
int iNoteF = 0;
int iNoteFS = 0;
int iNoteG = 0;
int iNoteGS = 0;

// Potentiometer
int iPot2 = A2;
int iPot3 = A3;
int iPot4 = A4;

//Oscillator Functions declared for output envelope 1 
// Sine Wave
Oscil <2048, AUDIO_RATE> aSin1(SIN2048_DATA);

// ADSR declaration/definition
// Comment out to use control rate of 128
#define CONTROL_RATE 128
ADSR <CONTROL_RATE, CONTROL_RATE> envelope1;

// Set the input for the potentiometer Attack to analog pin 1
const int potAttack = A0;
// Attack
int attack_level = 0;
int iAttack = 0;

// Set the input for the potentiometer for Decay to analog pin 2
const int potDecay = A1;
// Decay
int decay_level = 0;
int iDecay = 0;

// Software Version Information
String sver = "22-10";

void loop() {

  // Audio Hook
  audioHook();
  
}

getKeyboard.ino

// getKeyboard
// setupKeyboard
void setupKeyboard() {

  // Initialize the button pin as an input
  pinMode(iKeyboard1, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(iKeyboard2, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(iKeyboard3, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(iKeyboard4, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(iKeyboard5, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(iKeyboard6, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(iKeyboard7, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(iKeyboard8, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(iKeyboard10, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(iKeyboard11, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(iKeyboard12, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(iKeyboard13, INPUT_PULLUP);
 
}
// isKeyboard
void isKeyboard() {

  // Choose envelope levels
  // attack_level
  iAttack = mozziAnalogRead( potAttack );
  attack_level = map( iAttack, 0, 1023, 0, 255);
  // decay_level
  iDecay = mozziAnalogRead( potDecay );
  decay_level = map( iDecay, 0, 1023, 0, 255);
  // set AD Levels
  envelope1.setADLevels(attack_level,decay_level);

  // Read the state of the button value 1
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard1) == HIGH ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally 1
    iB1 = iB1 + 1;
    // ADSR declaration/definition
    envelope1.noteOn();
    aSin1.setFreq(iNoteA);

  }
  else
  {
    
    iB1 = iB1 - 1;

  }

  // Read the state of the button value 2
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard2) == HIGH ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally 2
    iB2 = iB2 + 1;
    // ADSR declaration/definition
    envelope1.noteOn();
    aSin1.setFreq(iNoteAS);

  }
  else
  {
    
    iB2 = iB2 - 1;
 
  }

  // Read the state of the button value 3
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard3) == HIGH ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally 3
    iB3 = iB3 + 1;
    // ADSR declaration/definition
    envelope1.noteOn();
    aSin1.setFreq(iNoteB);

  }
  else
  {
    
    iB3 = iB3 - 1;
 
  }

  // Read the state of the button value 4
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard4) == HIGH ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally 4
    iB4 = iB4 + 1;
    // ADSR declaration/definition
    envelope1.noteOn();
    aSin1.setFreq(iNoteC);

  }
  else
  {
    
    iB4 = iB4 - 1;
 
  }

  // Read the state of the button value 5
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard5) == HIGH ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally 5
    iB5 = iB5 + 1;
    // ADSR declaration/definition
    envelope1.noteOn();
    aSin1.setFreq(iNoteCS);

  }
  else
  {
    
    iB5 = iB5 - 1;
 
  }

  // Read the state of the button value 6
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard6) == HIGH ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally 6
    iB6 = iB6 + 1;
    // ADSR declaration/definition
    envelope1.noteOn();
    aSin1.setFreq(iNoteD);

  }
  else
  {
    
    iB6 = iB6 - 1;

  }

  // Read the state of the button value 7
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard7) == HIGH ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally 7
    iB7 = iB7 + 1;
    // ADSR declaration/definition
    envelope1.noteOn();
    aSin1.setFreq(iNoteDS);

  }
  else
  {
    
    iB7 = iB7 - 1;
 
  }

  // Read the state of the button value 8
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard8) == HIGH ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally 8
    iB8 = iB8 + 1;
    // ADSR declaration/definition
    envelope1.noteOn();
    aSin1.setFreq(iNoteE);

  }
  else
  {
    
    iB8 = iB8 - 1;

  }

  // Read the state of the button value 10
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard10) == HIGH ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally 10
    iB10 = iB10 + 1;
    // ADSR declaration/definition
    envelope1.noteOn();
    aSin1.setFreq(iNoteF);

  }
  else
  {
    
    iB10 = iB10 - 1;

  }

  // Read the state of the button value 11
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard11) == HIGH ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally 11
    iB11 = iB11 + 1;
    // ADSR declaration/definition
    envelope1.noteOn();
    aSin1.setFreq(iNoteFS);

  }
  else
  {
    
    iB11 = iB11 - 1;
 
  }

  // Read the state of the button value 12
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard12) == HIGH ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally 12
    iB12 = iB12 + 1;
    // ADSR declaration/definition
    envelope1.noteOn();
    aSin1.setFreq(iNoteG);

  }
  else
  {
    
    iB12 = iB12 - 1;
    
  }

  // Read the state of the button value 13
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard13) == HIGH ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally 13
    iB13 = iB13 + 1;
    // ADSR declaration/definition
    envelope1.noteOn();
    aSin1.setFreq(iNoteGS);

  }
  else
  {
    
    iB13 = iB13 - 1;

  }

}

getMozzi.ino

// Mozzi
// Update Control
void updateControl(){

  // Frequency
  isPitches();
  
  // Keyboard
  isKeyboard();

}
// Update Audio
int updateAudio()
{

  // Update Audio
  // ADSR declaration/definition
  envelope1.update();
  // >>8 for AUDIO_MODE STANDARD
  return (int) (envelope1.next() * aSin1.next())>>8;

}

getPitches.ino

// Pitches
// isPitches
void isPitches(){
  
  // Frequency
  // Value is 0-1023
  //iFreg = mozziAnalogRead(potFreq);
  //iFreg = map(iFreg, 0, 1023, 3, 6);
  iFreg = 5;

  // Range Frequency Note Low => High
  switch ( iFreg ) {
    case 1:
      // NOTE A1
      iNoteA = NOTE_A1;
      iNoteAS = NOTE_AS1;
      iNoteB = NOTE_B1;
      iNoteC = NOTE_C2;
      iNoteCS = NOTE_CS2;
      iNoteD = NOTE_D2;
      iNoteDS = NOTE_DS2;
      iNoteE = NOTE_E2;
      iNoteF = NOTE_F2;
      iNoteFS = NOTE_FS2;
      iNoteG = NOTE_G2;
      iNoteGS = NOTE_GS2;
      break;
    case 2:
      // NOTE A2
      iNoteA = NOTE_A2;
      iNoteAS = NOTE_AS2;
      iNoteB = NOTE_B2;
      iNoteC = NOTE_C3;
      iNoteCS = NOTE_CS3;
      iNoteD = NOTE_D3;
      iNoteDS = NOTE_DS3;
      iNoteE = NOTE_E3;
      iNoteF = NOTE_F3;
      iNoteFS = NOTE_FS3;
      iNoteG = NOTE_G3;
      iNoteGS = NOTE_GS3;
      break;
    case 3:
      // NOTE A3
      iNoteA = NOTE_A3;
      iNoteAS = NOTE_AS3;
      iNoteB = NOTE_B3;
      iNoteC = NOTE_C4;
      iNoteD = NOTE_D4;
      iNoteDS = NOTE_DS4;
      iNoteE = NOTE_E4;
      iNoteF = NOTE_F4;
      iNoteFS = NOTE_FS4;
      iNoteG = NOTE_G4;
      iNoteGS = NOTE_GS4;
      break;
    case 4:
      // NOTE A4
      iNoteA = NOTE_A4;
      iNoteAS = NOTE_AS4;
      iNoteB = NOTE_B4;
      iNoteC = NOTE_C5;
      iNoteCS = NOTE_CS5;
      iNoteD = NOTE_D5;
      iNoteE = NOTE_E5;
      iNoteF = NOTE_F5;
      iNoteFS = NOTE_FS5;
      iNoteG = NOTE_G5;
      iNoteGS = NOTE_GS5;
      break;
    case 5:
      // NOTE A5
      iNoteA = NOTE_A5;
      iNoteAS = NOTE_AS5;
      iNoteB = NOTE_B5;
      iNoteC = NOTE_C6;
      iNoteCS = NOTE_CS6;
      iNoteD = NOTE_D6;
      iNoteDS = NOTE_DS6;
      iNoteE = NOTE_E6;
      iNoteF = NOTE_F6;
      iNoteFS = NOTE_FS6;
      iNoteG = NOTE_G6;
      iNoteGS = NOTE_GS6;
      break;
    case 6:
      // NOTE A6
      iNoteA = NOTE_A6;
      iNoteAS = NOTE_AS6;
      iNoteB = NOTE_B6;
      iNoteC = NOTE_C7;
      iNoteCS = NOTE_CS7;
      iNoteD = NOTE_D7;
      iNoteDS = NOTE_DS7;
      iNoteE = NOTE_E7;
      iNoteF = NOTE_F7;
      iNoteFS = NOTE_FS7;
      iNoteG = NOTE_G7;
      iNoteGS = NOTE_GS7;
      break;
  }
  
}

pitches.h

/*****************************************************************
 * Pitches NOTE_B0 <=> NOTE_DS8 - NOTE_A4 is "A" measured at 440Hz
 *****************************************************************/

#define NOTE_B0  31
#define NOTE_C1  33
#define NOTE_CS1  35
#define NOTE_D1  37
#define NOTE_DS1  39
#define NOTE_E1  41
#define NOTE_F1  44
#define NOTE_FS1  46
#define NOTE_G1  49
#define NOTE_GS1  52
#define NOTE_A1  55
#define NOTE_AS1  58
#define NOTE_B1  62
#define NOTE_C2  65
#define NOTE_CS2  69
#define NOTE_D2  73
#define NOTE_DS2  78
#define NOTE_E2  82
#define NOTE_F2  87
#define NOTE_FS2  93
#define NOTE_G2  98
#define NOTE_GS2  104
#define NOTE_A2  110
#define NOTE_AS2  117
#define NOTE_B2  123
#define NOTE_C3  131
#define NOTE_CS3  139
#define NOTE_D3  147
#define NOTE_DS3  156
#define NOTE_E3  165
#define NOTE_F3  175
#define NOTE_FS3 185
#define NOTE_G3  196
#define NOTE_GS3  208
#define NOTE_A3  220
#define NOTE_AS3  233
#define NOTE_B3  247
#define NOTE_C4  262
#define NOTE_CS4  277
#define NOTE_D4  294
#define NOTE_DS4 311
#define NOTE_E4  330
#define NOTE_F4  349
#define NOTE_FS4  370
#define NOTE_G4  392
#define NOTE_GS4  415
#define NOTE_A4  440
#define NOTE_AS4  466
#define NOTE_B4  494
#define NOTE_C5  523
#define NOTE_CS5  554
#define NOTE_D5  587
#define NOTE_DS5  622
#define NOTE_E5  659
#define NOTE_F5  698
#define NOTE_FS5  740
#define NOTE_G5  784
#define NOTE_GS5  831
#define NOTE_A5  880
#define NOTE_AS5  932
#define NOTE_B5  988
#define NOTE_C6  1047
#define NOTE_CS6  1109
#define NOTE_D6  1175
#define NOTE_DS6  1245
#define NOTE_E6  1319
#define NOTE_F6  1397
#define NOTE_FS6  1480
#define NOTE_G6  1568
#define NOTE_GS6  1661
#define NOTE_A6  1760
#define NOTE_AS6  1865
#define NOTE_B6  1976
#define NOTE_C7  2093
#define NOTE_CS7  2217
#define NOTE_D7  2349
#define NOTE_DS7  2489
#define NOTE_E7  2637
#define NOTE_F7  2794
#define NOTE_FS7  2960
#define NOTE_G7  3136
#define NOTE_GS7  3322
#define NOTE_A7  3520
#define NOTE_AS7  3729
#define NOTE_B7  3951
#define NOTE_C8  4186
#define NOTE_CS8  4435
#define NOTE_D8  4699
#define NOTE_DS8  4978

setup.ino

// Setup
void setup() {

  // Setup Keyboard
  setupKeyboard();

  // Mozzi Start
  startMozzi( CONTROL_RATE );
  // Sets Attack and Decay Levels; assumes Sustain, Decay, and Idle times
  envelope1.setADLevels(200,200);
  // Sets Decay time in milliseconds
  envelope1.setDecayTime(100);
  // Sustain Time setting for envelope1
  envelope1.setSustainTime(32500);

}

——

People can contact us: https://www.donluc.com/?page_id=1927

Technology Experience

Single-Board Microcontrollers (PIC, Arduino, Raspberry Pi,Espressif, etc…)
IoT
Robotics
Camera and Video Capture Receiver Stationary, Wheel/Tank and Underwater Vehicle
Unmanned Vehicles Terrestrial and Marine
Research & Development (R & D)

Instructor and E-Mentor

IoT
PIC Microcontrollers
Arduino
Raspberry Pi
Espressif
Robotics

Follow Us

J. Luc Paquin – Curriculum Vitae – 2022 English & Español
https://www.jlpconsultants.com/luc/

Don Luc

Posted in #22 - Synthesizer, Arduino, Consultant, Digital Electronics, Fritzing, Microcontrollers, Musical Instruments, Program Arduino, Projects, SparkFun, Steren, Synth | Tagged ADSR Envelope, Arduino, Components, Consultant, Electronics, Fritzing, Microcontrollers, Musical Instrument, Programming, Project, SparkFun, Synth, Synthesizer, Technology, Video Blog | Leave a comment

Project #22: Synthesizer – Momentary Button – Mk09

Published August 13, 2022 | By DonLuc

——

#DonLucElectronics #DonLuc #Synthesizer #Mozzi #Keyboard #ADSREnvelope #Arduino #AdafruitMETROM0Express #Project #Fritzing #Programming #Electronics #Microcontrollers #Consultant

——

Momentary Button – Panel Mount

It’s your basic black or blue action button. This is a very useful, small, panel-mount momentary switch. It is a SPST N.O. with the threaded portion being 6.75 mm in diameter. This button is perfect for basic On/Off functions. Overall length including leads and has small solder lugs for connection. These momentary buttons are rated up to 0.5A and 250VAC.

Momentary button connect two points in a circuit when you press them. Turns on and off a light emitting LED. When the button is open there is no connection between the two legs of the button, so the pin is connected to ground, through the pull-down resistor, and we read a LOW. When the button is closed, it makes a connection between its two legs, connecting the pin to 5 volts, so that we read a HIGH.

You can also wire this circuit the opposite way, with a pullup resistor keeping the input HIGH, and going LOW when the button is pressed. If so, the behavior of the sketch will be reversed, with the LED normally on and turning off when you press the button.

DL2208Mk02

1 x Adafruit METRO M0 Express
8 x Momentary Button – Panel Mount (Blue)
5 x Momentary Button – Panel Mount (Black)
13 x 10K Ohm Resistor
1 x LED Red 5mm
1 x SparkFun Cerberus USB Cable

Adafruit METRO M0 Express

KY0 – 0
KY1 – 1
KY2 – 2
KY3 – 3
KY4 – 4
KY5 – 5
KY6 – 6
KY7 – 7
KY8 – 8
LEDR – 9
KY10 – 10
KY11 – 11
KY12 – 12
KY13 – 13
VIN – +5V
GND – GND

——

DL2208Mk02p.ino

/* ***** Don Luc Electronics © *****
Software Version Information
Project #22: Synthesizer - Momentary Button - Mk09
22-09
DL2208Mk02p.ino
1 x Adafruit METRO M0 Express
8 x Momentary Button - Panel Mount (Blue)
5 x Momentary Button - Panel Mount (Black)
13 x 1K Ohm Resistor
1 x LED Red 5mm
1 x SparkFun Cerberus USB Cable
*/

// Include the Library Code


// Simple Keyboard
// Minimum reading of the button that generates a note
//const int iKeyboard0 = 0;
const int iKeyboard1 = 1;
const int iKeyboard2 = 2;
const int iKeyboard3 = 3;
const int iKeyboard4 = 4;
const int iKeyboard5 = 5;
const int iKeyboard6 = 6;
const int iKeyboard7 = 7;
const int iKeyboard8 = 8;
const int iKeyboard10 = 10;
const int iKeyboard11 = 11;
const int iKeyboard12 = 12;
const int iKeyboard13 = 13;
// Button is pressed
int iB0 = 1;
int iB1 = 1;
int iB2 = 1;
int iB3 = 1;
int iB4 = 1;
int iB5 = 1;
int iB6 = 1;
int iB7 = 1;
int iB8 = 1;
int iB10 = 1;
int iB11 = 1;
int iB12 = 1;
int iB13 = 1;

// The number of the LED Red pin 9
const int iLedR =  9;

// Software Version Information
String sver = "22-09";

void loop() {

  // isKeyboard
  isKeyboard();
  
}

getKeyboard.ino

// getKeyboard
// setupKeyboard
void setupKeyboard() {

  // Initialize the button pin as an input
//  pinMode(iKeyboard0, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(iKeyboard1, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(iKeyboard2, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(iKeyboard3, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(iKeyboard4, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(iKeyboard5, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(iKeyboard6, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(iKeyboard7, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(iKeyboard8, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(iKeyboard10, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(iKeyboard11, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(iKeyboard12, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(iKeyboard13, INPUT_PULLUP);
 
}
// isKeyboard
void isKeyboard() {

/*
  // Read the state of the button value 0
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard0) == HIGH ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally 0
    iB0 = iB0 + 1;
    // Turn LED Red on
    digitalWrite(iLedR, HIGH );

  }
  else
  {
    
    iB0 = iB0 - 1;
    // Turn LED Red off
    digitalWrite(iLedR, LOW );
    
  }
*/
  // Read the state of the button value 1
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard1) == HIGH ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally 1
    iB1 = iB1 + 1;
    // Turn LED Red on
    digitalWrite(iLedR, HIGH );

  }
  else
  {
    
    iB1 = iB1 - 1;
    // Turn LED Red off
    digitalWrite(iLedR, LOW );
    
  }

  // Read the state of the button value 2
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard2) == HIGH ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally 2
    iB2 = iB2 + 1;
    // Turn LED Red on
    digitalWrite(iLedR, HIGH );

  }
  else
  {
    
    iB2 = iB2 - 1;
    // Turn LED Red off
    digitalWrite(iLedR, LOW );
    
  }

  // Read the state of the button value 3
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard3) == HIGH ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally 3
    iB3 = iB3 + 1;
    // Turn LED Red on
    digitalWrite(iLedR, HIGH );

  }
  else
  {
    
    iB3 = iB3 - 1;
    // Turn LED Red off
    digitalWrite(iLedR, LOW );
    
  }

  // Read the state of the button value 4
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard4) == HIGH ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally 4
    iB4 = iB4 + 1;
    // Turn LED Red on
    digitalWrite(iLedR, HIGH );

  }
  else
  {
    
    iB4 = iB4 - 1;
    // Turn LED Red off
    digitalWrite(iLedR, LOW );
    
  }

  // Read the state of the button value 5
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard5) == HIGH ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally 5
    iB5 = iB5 + 1;
    // Turn LED Red on
    digitalWrite(iLedR, HIGH );

  }
  else
  {
    
    iB5 = iB5 - 1;
    // Turn LED Red off
    digitalWrite(iLedR, LOW );
    
  }

  // Read the state of the button value 6
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard6) == HIGH ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally 6
    iB6 = iB6 + 1;
    // Turn LED Red on
    digitalWrite(iLedR, HIGH );

  }
  else
  {
    
    iB6 = iB6 - 1;
    // Turn LED Red off
    digitalWrite(iLedR, LOW );
    
  }

  // Read the state of the button value 7
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard7) == HIGH ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally 7
    iB7 = iB7 + 1;
    // Turn LED Red on
    digitalWrite(iLedR, HIGH );

  }
  else
  {
    
    iB7 = iB7 - 1;// Turn LED Red off
    digitalWrite(iLedR, LOW );
    
  }

  // Read the state of the button value 8
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard8) == HIGH ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally 8
    iB8 = iB8 + 1;
    // Turn LED Red on
    digitalWrite(iLedR, HIGH );

  }
  else
  {
    
    iB8 = iB8 - 1;
    // Turn LED Red off
    digitalWrite(iLedR, LOW );
    
  }

  // Read the state of the button value 10
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard10) == HIGH ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally 10
    iB10 = iB10 + 1;
    // Turn LED Red on
    digitalWrite(iLedR, HIGH );

  }
  else
  {
    
    iB10 = iB10 - 1;
    // Turn LED Red off
    digitalWrite(iLedR, LOW );
    
  }

  // Read the state of the button value 11
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard11) == HIGH ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally 11
    iB11 = iB11 + 1;
    // Turn LED Red on
    digitalWrite(iLedR, HIGH );

  }
  else
  {
    
    iB11 = iB11 - 1;
    // Turn LED Red off
    digitalWrite(iLedR, LOW );
    
  }

  // Read the state of the button value 12
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard12) == HIGH ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally 12
    iB12 = iB12 + 1;
    // Turn LED Red on
    digitalWrite(iLedR, HIGH );

  }
  else
  {
    
    iB12 = iB12 - 1;
    // Turn LED Red off
    digitalWrite(iLedR, LOW );
    
  }

  // Read the state of the button value 13
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard13) == HIGH ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally 13
    iB13 = iB13 + 1;
    // Turn LED Red on
    digitalWrite(iLedR, HIGH );

  }
  else
  {
    
    iB13 = iB13 - 1;
    // Turn LED Red off
    digitalWrite(iLedR, LOW );
    
  }

}

setup.ino

// Setup
void setup() {

  // Setup Keyboard
  setupKeyboard();

  // Initialize the LED Red pin 9 as an output
  pinMode(iLedR, OUTPUT);
  
}

——

People can contact us: https://www.donluc.com/?page_id=1927

Technology Experience

Single-Board Microcontrollers (PIC, Arduino, Raspberry Pi,Espressif, etc…)
IoT
Robotics
Camera and Video Capture Receiver Stationary, Wheel/Tank and Underwater Vehicle
Unmanned Vehicles Terrestrial and Marine
Research & Development (R & D)

Instructor and E-Mentor

IoT
PIC Microcontrollers
Arduino
Raspberry Pi
Espressif
Robotics

Follow Us

J. Luc Paquin – Curriculum Vitae – 2022 English & Español
https://www.jlpconsultants.com/luc/

Don Luc

Posted in #22 - Synthesizer, Adafruit, Arduino, Consultant, Digital Electronics, Fritzing, Microcontrollers, Program Arduino, Projects, SparkFun, Synth | Tagged Adafruit, Arduino, Components, Consultant, Electronics, Fritzing, Microcontrollers, Momentary Button, Musical Instrument, Programming, Project, SparkFun, Synth, Synthesizer, Technology, Video Blog | Leave a comment

Project #22: Synthesizer – Slide Linear Taper Pot – Mk08

Published August 6, 2022 | By DonLuc

——

#DonLucElectronics #DonLuc #Synthesizer #Mozzi #Keyboard #ADSREnvelope #Arduino #AdafruitMETROM0Express #Project #Fritzing #Programming #Electronics #Microcontrollers #Consultant

——

10k Ohm Slide Linear Taper Pot – X-Large

A simple slide potentiometer can go a long way. Rated at 10k Ohm and 0.5W. Comes with solder tab connections. The taper profile for this slide:

Length: 80 cm
Width: 15 cm
Height: 12 cm

Slide Potentiometer Knob – X-Large

This is a simple knob that connects to the extra large sized linear slide potentiometer. Each knob uses friction to secure itself to fit onto the slide pot. Once attached, this small knob provides you with an easier to use potentiometer for your project.

Adafruit METRO M0 Express

Metro is our series of microcontroller boards for use with the Arduino IDE. This new Metro M0 Express board looks a whole lot like our original Metro 328, but with a huge upgrade. This Metro features a ATSAMD21G18 chip, an ARM Cortex M0+.

At the Metro M0’s heart is an ATSAMD21G18 ARM Cortex M0 processor, clocked at 48 MHz and at 3.3V logic. This chip has a 256K of FLASH and 32K of RAM. This chip comes with built in USB so it has USB-to-Serial program.

DL2208Mk01

1 x Adafruit METRO M0 Express
5 x 10k Ohm Slide Linear Taper Pot – X-Large
5 x Slide Potentiometer Knob – X-Large
1 x SparkFun Cerberus USB Cable

Adafruit METRO M0 Express

LP0 – Analog A0 – Blue
LP1 – Analog A1 – Green
LP2 – Analog A2 – Grey
LP3 – Analog A3 – Yellow
LP4 – Analog A4 – Purple
VIN – +5V
GND – GND

DL2208Mk01p.ino

/* ***** Don Luc Electronics © *****
Software Version Information
Project #22: Synthesizer - Slide Linear Taper Pot - Mk08
22-08
DL2208Mk01p.ino
1 x Adafruit METRO M0 Express
5 x 10k Ohm Slide Linear Taper Pot - X-Large
5 x Slide Potentiometer Knob - X-Large
1 x SparkFun Cerberus USB Cable
*/

// Include the Library Code

// Pot
int iPot0 = A0;
int iPot1 = A1;
int iPot2 = A2;
int iPot3 = A3;
int iPot4 = A4;
int sensorValue0 = 0;
int iValue0 = 0;
int sensorValue1 = 0;
int iValue1 = 0;
int sensorValue2 = 0;
int iValue2 = 0;
int sensorValue3 = 0;
int iValue3 = 0;
int sensorValue4 = 0;
int iValue4 = 0;

// Software Version Information
String sver = "22-08";

void loop() {

  // Pot
  isPot();

  // Delay in between reads
  delay( 1000 );
  
}

getPot.ino

// 10k Slide Linear Taper Pot - X-Large
// Pot
void isPot(){

  // Read the input on analog pin 0
  sensorValue0 = analogRead( iPot0 );
  iValue0 = map(sensorValue0, 0, 1023, 0, 255);
  Serial.print( "P0: " );
  Serial.print( iValue0 );
  // Read the input on analog pin 1
  sensorValue1 = analogRead( iPot1 );
  iValue1 = map(sensorValue1, 0, 1023, 0, 255);
  Serial.print( " P1: " );
  Serial.print( iValue1 );
  // Read the input on analog pin 2
  sensorValue2 = analogRead( iPot2 );
  iValue2 = map(sensorValue2, 0, 1023, 0, 255);
  Serial.print( " P2: " );
  Serial.print( iValue2 );
  // Read the input on analog pin 3
  sensorValue3 = analogRead( iPot3 );
  iValue3 = map(sensorValue3, 0, 1023, 0, 255);
  Serial.print( " P3: " );
  Serial.print( iValue3 );
  // Read the input on analog pin 4
  sensorValue4 = analogRead( iPot4 );
  iValue4 = map(sensorValue4, 0, 1023, 0, 255);
  Serial.print( " P4: " );
  Serial.println( iValue4 );

}

setup.ino

// Setup
void setup() {

  // Initialize serial communication at 9600 bits per second
  Serial.begin(9600);
  
}

——

People can contact us: https://www.donluc.com/?page_id=1927

Technology Experience

Single-Board Microcontrollers (PIC, Arduino, Raspberry Pi,Espressif, etc…)
IoT
Robotics
Camera and Video Capture Receiver Stationary, Wheel/Tank and Underwater Vehicle
Unmanned Vehicles Terrestrial and Marine
Research & Development (R & D)

Instructor and E-Mentor

IoT
PIC Microcontrollers
Arduino
Raspberry Pi
Espressif
Robotics

Follow Us

J. Luc Paquin – Curriculum Vitae – 2022 English & Español
https://www.jlpconsultants.com/luc/

Don Luc

Posted in #22 - Synthesizer, Adafruit, Arduino, Consultant, Digital Electronics, Fritzing, Microcontrollers, Musical Instruments, Program Arduino, Projects, SparkFun, Synth | Tagged Adafruit, Arduino, Components, Consultant, Don Luc, Electronics, Fritzing, Microcontrollers, Musical Instrument, Programming, Project, Slide Linear Taper Pot, SparkFun, Synth, Synthesizer, Video Blog | Leave a comment

Project #22: Synthesizer – Volume Sound – Mk07

Published July 30, 2022 | By DonLuc

——

DonLucElectronics #DonLuc #Synthesizer #UltrasonicSynth #Mozzi #Arduino #ArduinoProMini #Project #Fritzing #Programming #Electronics #Microcontrollers #Consultant

——

Volume Sound

Volume the degree of loudness or the intensity of a sound. The volume of a sound is how loud or quiet the sound is. Sounds are vibrations that travel through the air. Volume, or loudness, is related to the strength, intensity, pressure, or power of the sound. Amplified vibrations result in louder sounds. There are a few ways of varying the volume.

I am using the Mozzi audio library to implement a simple synthesizer and using a potentiometer to control the amplitude of a sinewave with Mozzi sonification library. To convey the volume level. Volume it to an 8 bit range for efficient calculations.

DL2207Mk04

1 x Arduino Pro Mini 328 – 5V/16MHz
2 x HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
3 x 1M Ohm Potentiometer
3 x Knob
1 x Audio Jack 3.5mm
1 x SparkFun Audio Jack Breakout
1 x SparkFun USB Mini-B Breakout
1 x SPDT Slide Switch
1 x JST Jumper 2 Wire Connector
1 x JST Jumper 3 Wire Connector
1 x Insignia Speakers
1 x SparkFun Solderable Breadboard – Large
1 x SparkFun FTDI Basic Breakout – 5V
1 x SparkFun Cerberus USB Cable

Arduino Pro Mini 328 – 5V/16MHz

Ech – Digital 13
Tri – Digital 12
EcR – Digital 11
TrR – Digital 10
SPK – Digital 9
CAP – Analog A0
CAH – Analog A1
CAV – Analog A2
VIN – +5V
GND – GND

——

DL2207Mk04p.ino

/* ***** Don Luc Electronics © *****
Software Version Information
Project #22: Synthesizer - Volume - Mk07
22-07
DL2207Mk04p.ino
1 x Arduino Pro Mini 328 - 5V/16MHz
2 x HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
3 x 1M Ohm Potentiometer
3 x Knob
1 x Audio Jack 3.5mm
1 x SparkFun Audio Jack Breakout
1 x SparkFun USB Mini-B Breakout
1 x SPDT Slide Switch
1 x JST Jumper 2 Wire Connector
1 x JST Jumper 3 Wire Connector
1 x Insignia Speakers
1 x SparkFun Solderable Breadboard - Large
1 x SparkFun FTDI Basic Breakout - 5V
1 x SparkFun Cerberus USB Cable
*/

// Include the Library Code
// Mozzi
#include <MozziGuts.h>
// Oscillator
#include <Oscil.h>
// Table for Oscils to play
#include <tables/cos2048_int8.h>
// Smoothing Control
#include <Smooth.h>
// Maps unpredictable inputs to a range
#include <AutoMap.h>

// Desired carrier frequency max and min, for AutoMap
const int MIN_CARRIER_FREQ = 22;
const int MAX_CARRIER_FREQ = 440;

// Desired intensity max and min, for AutoMap, note they're inverted for reverse dynamics
const int MIN_INTENSITY = 700;
const int MAX_INTENSITY = 10;

// Desired mod speed max and min, for AutoMap, note they're inverted for reverse dynamics
const int MIN_MOD_SPEED = 10000;
const int MAX_MOD_SPEED = 1;

// Maps unpredictable inputs to a range
AutoMap kMapCarrierFreq(0,1023,MIN_CARRIER_FREQ,MAX_CARRIER_FREQ);
AutoMap kMapIntensity(0,1023,MIN_INTENSITY,MAX_INTENSITY);
AutoMap kMapModSpeed(0,1023,MIN_MOD_SPEED,MAX_MOD_SPEED);

// Set the input for the knob to analog pin 0
const int KNOB_PIN = A0;
// Set the analog input for fm_intensity
int LDR1_PIN;
// Set the analog input for mod rate
int LDR2_PIN;

// Table for Oscils to play
Oscil<COS2048_NUM_CELLS, AUDIO_RATE> aCarrier(COS2048_DATA);
Oscil<COS2048_NUM_CELLS, AUDIO_RATE> aModulator(COS2048_DATA);
Oscil<COS2048_NUM_CELLS, CONTROL_RATE> kIntensityMod(COS2048_DATA);

// Harmonics (Brightness)
int iModRatio = A1;
int mod_ratio;
// Carries control info from updateControl to updateAudio
long fm_intensity;

// Smoothing for intensity to remove clicks on transitions
float smoothness = 0.95f;
Smooth <long> aSmoothIntensity(smoothness);

// Trigger pin 12 to pitch distance sensor
const int iTrigPitch = 12;
// Echo Receive pin 13 to pitch distance sensor
const int iEchoPitch = 13;
// Define the useable range of the pitch sensor
const int pitchLowThreshold = 45;
const int pitchHighThreshold = 2;    
// Stores the distance measured by the distance sensor
float distance = 0;
// Trigger pin 10 to rate distance sensor
const int iTrigRate = 10;
// Echo Receive pin 13 to pitch distance sensor
const int iEchoRate = 11;
// Define the useable range of the pitch sensor
const int rateLowThreshold = 45;
const int rateHighThreshold = 2;    
// Stores the distance measured by the distance sensor
float rate = 0;

// Volume
// Set the input for the knob to analog pin 2
const int iVolKnob = A2;
// To convey the Volume level from updateControl() to updateAudio()
byte bVolume;

// Mini Speaker
int SPK = 9;

// Software Version Information
String sver = "22-07";

void loop() {

  // Audio Hook
  audioHook();
  
}

getHC-SR04.ino

// HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
// Setup HC-SR04
void setupHCSR04() {

  // The trigger iTrig Pitch will output pulses of electricity
  pinMode(iTrigPitch, OUTPUT);
  // The echo iEcho will measure the duration of pulses coming back from the distance sensor
  pinMode(iEchoPitch, INPUT);

  // The trigger iTrig Rate will output pulses of electricity
  pinMode(iTrigRate, OUTPUT);
  // The echo iEcho will measure the duration of pulses coming back from the distance sensor
  pinMode(iEchoRate, INPUT);
  
}
// Distance
float isDistance() {
  
  // Variable to store the time it takes for a ping to bounce off an object
  float echoTime;
  // Variable to store the distance calculated from the echo time
  float calculatedDistance;

  // Send out an ultrasonic pulse that's 10ms long
  digitalWrite(iTrigPitch, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(10);
  digitalWrite(iTrigPitch, LOW);

  // Use the pulseIn command to see how long it takes for the
  // pulse to bounce back to the sensor
  echoTime = pulseIn(iEchoPitch, HIGH);

  // Calculate the distance of the object that reflected the pulse
  // (half the bounce time multiplied by the speed of sound)
  calculatedDistance = echoTime * 0.034 / 2;

  // Send back the distance that was calculated
  return calculatedDistance;
  
}
// Rate
float isRate() {
  
  // Variable to store the time it takes for a ping to bounce off an object
  float echoTime;
  // Variable to store the distance calculated from the echo time
  float calculatedDistance;

  // Send out an ultrasonic pulse that's 10ms long
  digitalWrite(iTrigRate, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(10);
  digitalWrite(iTrigRate, LOW);

  // Use the pulseIn command to see how long it takes for the
  // pulse to bounce back to the sensor
  echoTime = pulseIn(iEchoRate, HIGH);

  // Calculate the distance of the object that reflected the pulse
  // (half the bounce time multiplied by the speed of sound)
  // cm = 58.0
  calculatedDistance = echoTime * 0.034 / 2;

  // Send back the distance that was calculated
  return calculatedDistance;
  
}

getMozzi.ino

// Mozzi
// Update Control
void updateControl(){

  // Variable to store the distance measured by the sensor
  distance = isDistance();
  // Low Threshold
  if ( distance >= pitchLowThreshold) {

    // pitchLowThreshold
    distance = pitchLowThreshold;
    
  }
  // High Threshold
  if ( distance < pitchHighThreshold){
    
    // pitchHighThreshold
    distance = pitchHighThreshold;
    
  }

  // Variable to store the distance measured by the sensor
  rate = isRate();
  // Low Threshold
  if ( rate >= rateLowThreshold) {

    // rateLowThreshold
    rate = rateLowThreshold;
    
  }
  // High Threshold
  if ( rate < rateHighThreshold){
    
    // rateHighThreshold
    rate = rateHighThreshold;
    
  }

  // Map
  distance = map(distance, 45, 2, 0, 1023);
  rate = map(rate, 45, 2, 0, 1023);
  
  // Read the knob
  // Value is 0-1023
  int knob_value = mozziAnalogRead(KNOB_PIN);

  // Read the mod_ratio
  // Value is 0-1023
  mod_ratio = mozziAnalogRead(iModRatio);

  // Map
  mod_ratio = map(mod_ratio, 0, 1023, 2, 15);

  // Map the knob to carrier frequency
  int carrier_freq = kMapCarrierFreq(knob_value);

  // Calculate the modulation frequency to stay in ratio
  int mod_freq = carrier_freq * mod_ratio;

  // Set the FM oscillator frequencies
  aCarrier.setFreq(carrier_freq);
  aModulator.setFreq(mod_freq);

  // Read the light dependent resistor on the width
  LDR1_PIN = distance;
  int LDR1_value = LDR1_PIN;

  int LDR1_calibrated = kMapIntensity(LDR1_value);

  // Calculate the fm_intensity
  // Shift back to range after 8 bit multiply
  fm_intensity = ((long)LDR1_calibrated * (kIntensityMod.next()+128))>>8;
  
  // Read the light dependent resistor on the speed
  LDR2_PIN = rate;
  int LDR2_value= LDR2_PIN;

  // Use a float here for low frequencies
  float mod_speed = (float)kMapModSpeed(LDR2_value)/1000;

  kIntensityMod.setFreq(mod_speed);

  // Read the variable resistor for volume
  // Value is 0-1023
  int iVolValue = mozziAnalogRead(iVolKnob); 
  // map it to an 8 bit range for efficient calculations in updateAudio
  bVolume = map(iVolValue, 0, 1023, 155, 1);
  
}
// Update Audio
int updateAudio()
{

  // Update Audio
  long modulation = aSmoothIntensity.next(fm_intensity) * aModulator.next() * bVolume;
  return aCarrier.phMod(modulation);

}

setup.ino

// Setup
void setup() {

  // Setup HC-SR04
  setupHCSR04();

  // Delay
  delay( 200 );

  // Mozzi Start
  startMozzi();

}

——

People can contact us: https://www.donluc.com/?page_id=1927

Technology Experience

Single-Board Microcontrollers (PIC, Arduino, Raspberry Pi,Espressif, etc…)
IoT
Robotics
Camera and Video Capture Receiver Stationary, Wheel/Tank and Underwater Vehicle
Unmanned Vehicles Terrestrial and Marine
Research & Development (R & D)

Instructor and E-Mentor

IoT
PIC Microcontrollers
Arduino
Raspberry Pi
Espressif
Robotics

Follow Us

J. Luc Paquin – Curriculum Vitae – 2022 English & Español
https://www.jlpconsultants.com/luc/

Don Luc

Posted in #22 - Synthesizer, Arduino, Consultant, Digital Electronics, Fritzing, Microcontrollers, Musical Instruments, Program Arduino, Projects, SparkFun, Synth | Tagged Arduino, Components, Consultant, Electronics, Fritzing, Microcontrollers, Musical Instrument, Programming, Project, SparkFun, Synth, Synthesizer, Technology, Video Blog, Volume Sound | Leave a comment

Microcontrollers Instructor Or Kit Or Consultant

Published July 23, 2022 | By DonLuc

——

#DonLucElectronics #DonLuc #Project #Fritzing #Programming #Electronics #Microcontrollers #Consultant

——

2012

——

Microcontrollers Instructor Or Kit Or Consultant

I am a highly skilled with over 45 years of experience in various industries. I know that I am considered as a dinosaur in this business where you are considered old when you hit 25, but there are some of us old fogies at over twice that, that are still active and can still provide a full contribution to this or these fields.

Instructor: Computer and Electronic and Microcontrollers and Prototyping Platform

Microcontrollers

Each of these kits have similar but slightly different accessories that should hopefully get you up and running as fast and easy as possible. These beginner-friendly microcontrollers are easy to use and program with just a computers or laptop, a USB cable, and some open-source software. All the projects, here we come. Whether you are looking to build some electronic projects, learn programming, or wanting to teach others about electronics, this tutorial will help you figure out what microcontroller is right for your needs, goals, and budgets. Here is some helpful content to start you on your electronics journey.

Project Microcontrollers Instructor

A project is a sequence of related tasks and activities that help you create something new or change an existing product microcontrollers (2012 – 2022).

Custom Kit Elaborate

Create the exact kit you need. Tell us the components you need, or we can collaborate with you to define parts needed and elaborate a customer experience based on your idea.

Microcontrollers

The project will first be assembled on a breadboard. If there is enough demand either a PCB, or a kit BOM, or a kit BOM soldered version, or kit BOM enclosures, or a kit BOM soldered version enclosures, and sold here.

BOM (Bill Of Material)

PCB
Microcontrollers
Bluetooth
WiFi
E-Textiles
Audio
Buttons
Switches
Capacitors
Potentiometer
Resistors
Connectors
LED
Cables
Display
RTC
Micro SD card
Biometrics Sensor
Capacitive Sensor
Distance Sensor
Environment Sensor
Flex Sensor
Force Sensor
Imaging Sensor
Infrared Sensor
Movement Sensor
Radiation Sensor
RFID Sensor
Robotics
Wireless
Mesh Network
GPS Receiver
Battery
Antennas
Etc…

PCB

PCB Perfboard
PCB Breadboard
PCB Etching Solution
PCB CNC Router
PCB Manufacturing

Enclosures

Wood
Plywood
Particle Boards
MDF
Acrylic
Plastic Enclosures
Diecast Enclosures
Extruded Enclosures
Chassis
3D Printing
Etc…

Contact

People can contact us: https://www.donluc.com/?page_id=1927

Technology Experience

Single-Board Microcontrollers (PIC, Arduino, Raspberry Pi,Espressif, etc…)
IoT
Robotics
Camera and Video Capture Receiver Stationary, Wheel/Tank and Underwater Vehicle
Unmanned Vehicles Terrestrial and Marine
Research & Development (R & D)

Instructor and E-Mentor

IoT
PIC Microcontrollers
Arduino
Raspberry Pi
Espressif
Robotics

Follow Us

J. Luc Paquin – Curriculum Vitae – 2022 English & Español
https://www.jlpconsultants.com/luc/

Don Luc

Posted in Announcements, Consultant, Digital Electronics, Microcontrollers, Projects | Tagged Components, Consultant, Electronics, Microcontrollers, Microcontrollers Instructor Or Kit Or Consultant, Project, Technology, Video Blog | Leave a comment

Project #22: Synthesizer – Envelope – Mk06

Published July 16, 2022 | By DonLuc

——

#DonLucElectronics #DonLuc #Synthesizer #Mozzi #Keyboard #ADSREnvelope #Arduino #ArduinoProMini #Project #Fritzing #Programming #Electronics #Microcontrollers #Consultant

——

Envelope (Music)

In sound and music, an envelope describes how a sound changes over time. It may relate to elements such as amplitude (Volume), frequencies (with the use of filters) or pitch. For example, a piano key, when struck and held, creates a near-immediate initial sound which gradually decreases in volume to zero.

Envelope generators, which allow users to control the different stages of a sound, are common features of synthesizers, samplers, and other electronic musical instruments. The most common form of envelope generator is controlled with four parameters: attack, decay, sustain and release (ADSR).

A Simple ADSR Envelope Generator

This implementation has separate update() and next() methods, where next() interpolates values between each update(). The “normal” way to use this would be with update() in updateControl(), where it calculates a new internal state each control step, and then next() is in updateAudio(), called much more often, where it interpolates between the control values. This also allows the ADSR updates to be made even more sparsely if desired, eg. every 3rd control update.

noteOn()

Start the attack phase of the ADSR. This will restart the ADSR no matter what phase it is up to. True, the envelope will start from 0, even if it is still playing, often useful for effect envelopes. If false, the envelope will start rising from the current level, which could be non-zero, if it is still playing, most useful for note envelopes.

DL2207Mk01

1 x Arduino Pro Mini 328 – 5V/16MHz
8 x Tactile Button
3 x 1K Ohm Potentiometer
3 x Knob
1 x JST Jumper 3 Wire Connector
1 x Solderable Breadboard
1 x SparkFun FTDI Basic Breakout – 5V
1 x SparkFun Cerberus USB Cable

Arduino Pro Mini 328 – 5V/16MHz

KY2 – Digital 2
KY3 – Digital 3
KY4 – Digital 4
KY5 – Digital 5
KY6 – Digital 6
KY7 – Digital 7
KY8 – Digital 8
SPK – Digital 9
KY9 – Digital 10
PFR – Analog A3
CDE – Analog A2
CAT – Analog A1
VIN – +5V
GND – GND

DL2207Mk01p.ino

/* ***** Don Luc Electronics © *****
Software Version Information
Project #22: Synthesizer - Envelope - Mk06
22-06
DL2207Mk01p.ino
1 x Arduino Pro Mini 328 - 5V/16MHz
8 x Tactile Button
3 x 1K Ohm Potentiometer
3 x Knob
4 x SPDT Slide Switch
1 x JST Jumper 3 Wire
1 x Insignia Speakers
1 x Solderable Breadboard
1 x SparkFun FTDI Basic Breakout - 5V
1 x SparkFun Cerberus USB Cable
*/

// Include the Library Code
// Pitches
#include "pitches.h"
// Mozzi
#include <MozziGuts.h>
// Oscillator
#include <Oscil.h>
// Table for Oscils to play
#include <tables/sin2048_int8.h>
// ADSR envelope generator
#include <ADSR.h>

// Simple Keyboard
// Minimum reading of the button that generates a note
const int iKeyboard2 = 2;
const int iKeyboard3 = 3;
const int iKeyboard4 = 4;
const int iKeyboard5 = 5;
const int iKeyboard6 = 6;
const int iKeyboard7 = 7;
const int iKeyboard8 = 8;
const int iKeyboard9 = 10; 
// Button is pressed
int aa = 1;
int bb = 1;
int cc = 1;
int dd = 1;
int ee = 1;
int ff = 1;
int gg = 1;
int hh = 1;

//Oscillator Functions declared for output envelope 1 
// Sine Wave
Oscil <2048, AUDIO_RATE> aSin1(SIN2048_DATA);

// ADSR declaration/definition
// Comment out to use control rate of 128
#define CONTROL_RATE 128
ADSR <CONTROL_RATE, CONTROL_RATE> envelope1;

// Set the input for the potentiometer Attack to analog pin 1
const int potAttack = A1;
// Attack
int attack_level = 0;
int iAttack = 0;

// Set the input for the potentiometer for Decay to analog pin 2
const int potDecay = A2;
// Decay
int decay_level = 0;
int iDecay = 0;

// Set the input for the potentiometer for Frequency to analog pin 3
const int potFreq = A3;
int iFreg = 1;
int iNoteA = 0;
int iNoteB = 0;
int iNoteC = 0;
int iNoteD = 0;
int iNoteE = 0;
int iNoteF = 0;
int iNoteG = 0;
int iNoteAA = 0;

// Software Version Information
String sver = "22-06";

void loop() {

  // Audio Hook
  audioHook();
  
}

getKeyboard.ino

// getKeyboard
// setupKeyboard
void setupKeyboard() {

  // Initialize the pushbutton pin as an input
  pinMode(iKeyboard2, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(iKeyboard3, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(iKeyboard4, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(iKeyboard5, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(iKeyboard6, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(iKeyboard7, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(iKeyboard8, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(iKeyboard9, INPUT_PULLUP);
 
}
// isKeyboard
void isKeyboard() {

  // Choose envelope levels
  // attack_level
  iAttack = mozziAnalogRead( potAttack );
  attack_level = map( iAttack, 0, 1023, 0, 255);
  // decay_level
  iDecay = mozziAnalogRead( potDecay );
  decay_level = map( iDecay, 0, 1023, 0, 255);
  // set AD Levels
  envelope1.setADLevels(attack_level,decay_level);

  // Read the state of the pushbutton value
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard2) == LOW ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally
    aa = aa + 1;
    // ADSR declaration/definition
    envelope1.noteOn();
    aSin1.setFreq(iNoteA);
    
  }
  else
  {
    
    aa = aa - 1;
    
  }    

  // Read the state of the pushbutton value
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard3) == LOW ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally
    bb = bb + 1;
    // Waveform
    envelope1.noteOn();
    aSin1.setFreq(iNoteB);
    
  }
  else
  {
    
    bb = bb - 1;
    
  }

  // Read the state of the pushbutton value
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard4) == LOW ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally
    cc = cc + 1;
    // Waveform
    // ADSR declaration/definition
    envelope1.noteOn();
    aSin1.setFreq(iNoteC);
    
  }
  else
  {
    
    cc = cc - 1;
    
  }

  // Read the state of the pushbutton value
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard5) == LOW ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally
    dd = dd + 1;
    // ADSR declaration/definition
    envelope1.noteOn();
    aSin1.setFreq(iNoteD);
      
  }
  else
  {
    
    dd = dd - 1;
    
  }
  
  // Read the state of the pushbutton value
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard6) == LOW ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally
    ee = ee + 1;
    // ADSR declaration/definition
    envelope1.noteOn();
    aSin1.setFreq(iNoteE);    
  }
  else
  {
    
    ee = ee - 1;
    
  }

  // Read the state of the pushbutton value
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard7) == LOW ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally
    ff = ff + 1;
    // ADSR declaration/definition
    envelope1.noteOn();
    aSin1.setFreq(iNoteF);
        
  }
  else
  {
    
    ff = ff - 1;
    
  }

  // Read the state of the pushbutton value
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard8) == LOW ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally
    gg = gg + 1;
    // ADSR declaration/definition
    envelope1.noteOn();
    aSin1.setFreq(iNoteG);
        
  }
  else
  {
    
    gg = gg - 1;
    
  }

  // Read the state of the pushbutton value
  if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard9) == LOW ) {

    // Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally
    hh = hh + 1;
    // ADSR declaration/definition
    envelope1.noteOn();
    aSin1.setFreq(iNoteAA);
        
  }
  else
  {
    
    hh = hh - 1;
    
  }

}

getMozzi.ino

// Mozzi
// Update Control
void updateControl(){

  // Frequency
  isPitches();
  
  // Keyboard
  isKeyboard();

}
// Update Audio
int updateAudio()
{

  // Update Audio
  // ADSR declaration/definition
  envelope1.update();
  // >>8 for AUDIO_MODE STANDARD
  return (int) (envelope1.next() * aSin1.next())>>8;

}

getPitches.ino

// Pitches
// isPitches
void isPitches(){
  
  // Frequency
  // Value is 0-1023
  iFreg = mozziAnalogRead(potFreq);
  iFreg = map(iFreg, 0, 1023, 3, 6);

  // Range Frequency Note Low => High
  switch ( iFreg ) {
    case 1:
      // NOTE A1
      iNoteA = NOTE_A1;
      iNoteB = NOTE_B1;
      iNoteC = NOTE_C2;
      iNoteD = NOTE_D2;
      iNoteE = NOTE_E2;
      iNoteF = NOTE_F2;
      iNoteG = NOTE_G2;
      iNoteAA = NOTE_A2;
      break;
    case 2:
      // NOTE A2
      iNoteA = NOTE_A2;
      iNoteB = NOTE_B2;
      iNoteC = NOTE_C3;
      iNoteD = NOTE_D3;
      iNoteE = NOTE_E3;
      iNoteF = NOTE_F3;
      iNoteG = NOTE_G3;
      iNoteAA = NOTE_A3;
      break;
    case 3:
      // NOTE A3
      iNoteA = NOTE_A3;
      iNoteB = NOTE_B3;
      iNoteC = NOTE_C4;
      iNoteD = NOTE_D4;
      iNoteE = NOTE_E4;
      iNoteF = NOTE_F4;
      iNoteG = NOTE_G4;
      iNoteAA = NOTE_A4;
      break;
    case 4:
      // NOTE A4
      iNoteA = NOTE_A4;
      iNoteB = NOTE_B4;
      iNoteC = NOTE_C5;
      iNoteD = NOTE_D5;
      iNoteE = NOTE_E5;
      iNoteF = NOTE_F5;
      iNoteG = NOTE_G5;
      iNoteAA = NOTE_A5;
      break;
    case 5:
      // NOTE A5
      iNoteA = NOTE_A5;
      iNoteB = NOTE_B5;
      iNoteC = NOTE_C6;
      iNoteD = NOTE_D6;
      iNoteE = NOTE_E6;
      iNoteF = NOTE_F6;
      iNoteG = NOTE_G6;
      iNoteAA = NOTE_A6;
      break;
    case 6:
      // NOTE A6
      iNoteA = NOTE_A6;
      iNoteB = NOTE_B6;
      iNoteC = NOTE_C7;
      iNoteD = NOTE_D7;
      iNoteE = NOTE_E7;
      iNoteF = NOTE_F7;
      iNoteG = NOTE_G7;
      iNoteAA = NOTE_A7;
      break;
  }
  
}

pitches.h

/*****************************************************************
 * Pitches NOTE_B0 <=> NOTE_DS8 - NOTE_A4 is "A" measured at 440Hz
 *****************************************************************/

#define NOTE_B0  31
#define NOTE_C1  33
#define NOTE_CS1 35
#define NOTE_D1  37
#define NOTE_DS1 39
#define NOTE_E1  41
#define NOTE_F1  44
#define NOTE_FS1 46
#define NOTE_G1  49
#define NOTE_GS1 52
#define NOTE_A1  55
#define NOTE_AS1 58
#define NOTE_B1  62
#define NOTE_C2  65
#define NOTE_CS2 69
#define NOTE_D2  73
#define NOTE_DS2 78
#define NOTE_E2  82
#define NOTE_F2  87
#define NOTE_FS2 93
#define NOTE_G2  98
#define NOTE_GS2 104
#define NOTE_A2  110
#define NOTE_AS2 117
#define NOTE_B2  123
#define NOTE_C3  131
#define NOTE_CS3 139
#define NOTE_D3  147
#define NOTE_DS3 156
#define NOTE_E3  165
#define NOTE_F3  175
#define NOTE_FS3 185
#define NOTE_G3  196
#define NOTE_GS3 208
#define NOTE_A3  220
#define NOTE_AS3 233
#define NOTE_B3  247
#define NOTE_C4  262
#define NOTE_CS4 277
#define NOTE_D4  294
#define NOTE_DS4 311
#define NOTE_E4  330
#define NOTE_F4  349
#define NOTE_FS4 370
#define NOTE_G4  392
#define NOTE_GS4 415
#define NOTE_A4  440
#define NOTE_AS4 466
#define NOTE_B4  494
#define NOTE_C5  523
#define NOTE_CS5 554
#define NOTE_D5  587
#define NOTE_DS5 622
#define NOTE_E5  659
#define NOTE_F5  698
#define NOTE_FS5 740
#define NOTE_G5  784
#define NOTE_GS5 831
#define NOTE_A5  880
#define NOTE_AS5 932
#define NOTE_B5  988
#define NOTE_C6  1047
#define NOTE_CS6 1109
#define NOTE_D6  1175
#define NOTE_DS6 1245
#define NOTE_E6  1319
#define NOTE_F6  1397
#define NOTE_FS6 1480
#define NOTE_G6  1568
#define NOTE_GS6 1661
#define NOTE_A6  1760
#define NOTE_AS6 1865
#define NOTE_B6  1976
#define NOTE_C7  2093
#define NOTE_CS7 2217
#define NOTE_D7  2349
#define NOTE_DS7 2489
#define NOTE_E7  2637
#define NOTE_F7  2794
#define NOTE_FS7 2960
#define NOTE_G7  3136
#define NOTE_GS7 3322
#define NOTE_A7  3520
#define NOTE_AS7 3729
#define NOTE_B7  3951
#define NOTE_C8  4186
#define NOTE_CS8 4435
#define NOTE_D8  4699
#define NOTE_DS8 4978

setup.ino

// Setup
void setup() {

  // Setup Keyboard
  setupKeyboard();

  // Mozzi Start
  startMozzi( CONTROL_RATE );
  // Sets Attack and Decay Levels; assumes Sustain, Decay, and Idle times
  envelope1.setADLevels(200,200);
  // Sets Decay time in milliseconds
  envelope1.setDecayTime(100);
  // Sustain Time setting for envelope1
  envelope1.setSustainTime(32500);
  
}

——

People can contact us: https://www.donluc.com/?page_id=1927

Technology Experience

Single-Board Microcontrollers (PIC, Arduino, Raspberry Pi,Espressif, etc…)
IoT
Robotics
Camera and Video Capture Receiver Stationary, Wheel/Tank and Underwater Vehicle
Unmanned Vehicles Terrestrial and Marine
Research & Development (R & D)

Instructor and E-Mentor

IoT
PIC Microcontrollers
Arduino
Raspberry Pi
Espressif
Robotics

Follow Us

J. Luc Paquin – Curriculum Vitae – 2022 English & Español
https://www.jlpconsultants.com/luc/

Don Luc

Posted in #22 - Synthesizer, Arduino, Consultant, Digital Electronics, Fritzing, Microcontrollers, Musical Instruments, Program Arduino, Projects, SparkFun, Synth | Tagged Arduino, Components, Consultant, Electronics, Envelope, Fritzing, Microcontrollers, Musical Instrument, Programming, Project, SparkFun, Synth, Synthesizer, Technology, Video Blog | Leave a comment

Project #22: Synthesizer – Harmonics – Mk05

Published July 9, 2022 | By DonLuc

——

#DonLucElectronics #DonLuc #Synthesizer #UltrasonicSynth #Mozzi #Arduino #ArduinoProMini #Project #Fritzing #Programming #Electronics #Microcontrollers #Consultant

——

Harmonics – Brightness

Nearly all signals contain energy at harmonic frequencies, in addition to the energy at the fundamental frequency. If it contains all the energy in a signal at the fundamental frequency, then that signal is a perfect sine wave. If the signal is not a perfect sine wave, then some energy is contained in the harmonics. Some waveforms contain large amounts of energy at harmonic frequencies.

Ratio

So in the harmonic series, we have a fundamental (pitch/note) and a succession of harmonics that stem from the fundamental which also hold other pitches within themselves.

Arduino – Map

map(value, fromLow, fromHigh, toLow, toHigh)

Re-maps a number from one range to another. That is, a value of fromLow would get mapped to toLow, a value of fromHigh to toHigh, values in-between to values in-between, etc…

DL2206Mk03

1 x Arduino Pro Mini 328 – 5V/16MHz
2 x HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
2 x 1M Ohm Potentiometer
2 x Knob
1 x Audio Jack 3.5mm
1 x SparkFun Audio Jack Breakout
1 x SparkFun USB Mini-B Breakout
1 x SPDT Slide Switch
1 x JST Jumper 2 Wire Connector
1 x JST Jumper 3 Wire Connector
1 x Insignia Speakers
1 x SparkFun Solderable Breadboard – Large
1 x SparkFun FTDI Basic Breakout – 5V
1 x SparkFun Cerberus USB Cable

Arduino Pro Mini 328 – 5V/16MHz

Ech – Digital 13
Tri – Digital 12
EcR – Digital 11
TrR – Digital 10
SPK – Digital 9
CAP – Analog A0
CAH – Analog A1
VIN – +5V
GND – GND

——

DL2206Mk03p.ino

/* ***** Don Luc Electronics © *****
Software Version Information
Project #22: Synthesizer - Harmonics - Mk05
22-05
DL2206Mk03p.ino
1 x Arduino Pro Mini 328 - 5V/16MHz
2 x HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
2 x 1M Ohm Potentiometer
2 x Knob
1 x Audio Jack 3.5mm
1 x SparkFun Audio Jack Breakout
1 x SparkFun USB Mini-B Breakout
1 x SPDT Slide Switch
1 x JST Jumper 2 Wire Connector
1 x JST Jumper 3 Wire Connector
1 x Insignia Speakers
1 x SparkFun Solderable Breadboard - Large
1 x SparkFun FTDI Basic Breakout - 5V
1 x SparkFun Cerberus USB Cable
*/

// Include the Library Code
// Mozzi
#include <MozziGuts.h>
// Oscillator
#include <Oscil.h>
// Table for Oscils to play
#include <tables/cos2048_int8.h>
// Smoothing Control
#include <Smooth.h>
// Maps unpredictable inputs to a range
#include <AutoMap.h>

// Desired carrier frequency max and min, for AutoMap
const int MIN_CARRIER_FREQ = 22;
const int MAX_CARRIER_FREQ = 440;

// Desired intensity max and min, for AutoMap, note they're inverted for reverse dynamics
const int MIN_INTENSITY = 700;
const int MAX_INTENSITY = 10;

// Desired mod speed max and min, for AutoMap, note they're inverted for reverse dynamics
const int MIN_MOD_SPEED = 10000;
const int MAX_MOD_SPEED = 1;

// Maps unpredictable inputs to a range
AutoMap kMapCarrierFreq(0,1023,MIN_CARRIER_FREQ,MAX_CARRIER_FREQ);
AutoMap kMapIntensity(0,1023,MIN_INTENSITY,MAX_INTENSITY);
AutoMap kMapModSpeed(0,1023,MIN_MOD_SPEED,MAX_MOD_SPEED);

// Set the input for the knob to analog pin 0
const int KNOB_PIN = A0;
// Set the analog input for fm_intensity
int LDR1_PIN;
// Set the analog input for mod rate
int LDR2_PIN;

// Table for Oscils to play
Oscil<COS2048_NUM_CELLS, AUDIO_RATE> aCarrier(COS2048_DATA);
Oscil<COS2048_NUM_CELLS, AUDIO_RATE> aModulator(COS2048_DATA);
Oscil<COS2048_NUM_CELLS, CONTROL_RATE> kIntensityMod(COS2048_DATA);

// Harmonics (Brightness)
int iModRatio = A1;
int mod_ratio;
// Carries control info from updateControl to updateAudio
long fm_intensity;

// Smoothing for intensity to remove clicks on transitions
float smoothness = 0.95f;
Smooth <long> aSmoothIntensity(smoothness);

// Trigger pin 12 to pitch distance sensor
const int iTrigPitch = 12;
// Echo Receive pin 13 to pitch distance sensor
const int iEchoPitch = 13;
// Define the useable range of the pitch sensor
const int pitchLowThreshold = 45;
const int pitchHighThreshold = 2;    
// Stores the distance measured by the distance sensor
float distance = 0;
// Trigger pin 10 to rate distance sensor
const int iTrigRate = 10;
// Echo Receive pin 13 to pitch distance sensor
const int iEchoRate = 11;
// Define the useable range of the pitch sensor
const int rateLowThreshold = 45;
const int rateHighThreshold = 2;    
// Stores the distance measured by the distance sensor
float rate = 0;

// Mini Speaker
int SPK = 9;

// Software Version Information
String sver = "22-05";

void loop() {

  // Audio Hook
  audioHook();
  
}

getHC-SR04.ino

// HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
// Setup HC-SR04
void setupHCSR04() {

  // The trigger iTrig Pitch will output pulses of electricity
  pinMode(iTrigPitch, OUTPUT);
  // The echo iEcho will measure the duration of pulses coming back from the distance sensor
  pinMode(iEchoPitch, INPUT);

  // The trigger iTrig Rate will output pulses of electricity
  pinMode(iTrigRate, OUTPUT);
  // The echo iEcho will measure the duration of pulses coming back from the distance sensor
  pinMode(iEchoRate, INPUT);
  
}
// Distance
float isDistance() {
  
  // Variable to store the time it takes for a ping to bounce off an object
  float echoTime;
  // Variable to store the distance calculated from the echo time
  float calculatedDistance;

  // Send out an ultrasonic pulse that's 10ms long
  digitalWrite(iTrigPitch, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(10);
  digitalWrite(iTrigPitch, LOW);

  // Use the pulseIn command to see how long it takes for the
  // pulse to bounce back to the sensor
  echoTime = pulseIn(iEchoPitch, HIGH);

  // Calculate the distance of the object that reflected the pulse
  // (half the bounce time multiplied by the speed of sound)
  calculatedDistance = echoTime * 0.034 / 2;

  // Send back the distance that was calculated
  return calculatedDistance;
  
}
// Rate
float isRate() {
  
  // Variable to store the time it takes for a ping to bounce off an object
  float echoTime;
  // Variable to store the distance calculated from the echo time
  float calculatedDistance;

  // Send out an ultrasonic pulse that's 10ms long
  digitalWrite(iTrigRate, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(10);
  digitalWrite(iTrigRate, LOW);

  // Use the pulseIn command to see how long it takes for the
  // pulse to bounce back to the sensor
  echoTime = pulseIn(iEchoRate, HIGH);

  // Calculate the distance of the object that reflected the pulse
  // (half the bounce time multiplied by the speed of sound)
  // cm = 58.0
  calculatedDistance = echoTime * 0.034 / 2;

  // Send back the distance that was calculated
  return calculatedDistance;
  
}

getMozzi.ino

// Mozzi
// Update Control
void updateControl(){

  // Variable to store the distance measured by the sensor
  distance = isDistance();
  // Low Threshold
  if ( distance >= pitchLowThreshold) {

    // pitchLowThreshold
    distance = pitchLowThreshold;
    
  }
  // High Threshold
  if ( distance < pitchHighThreshold){
    
    // pitchHighThreshold
    distance = pitchHighThreshold;
    
  }

  // Variable to store the distance measured by the sensor
  rate = isRate();
  // Low Threshold
  if ( rate >= rateLowThreshold) {

    // rateLowThreshold
    rate = rateLowThreshold;
    
  }
  // High Threshold
  if ( rate < rateHighThreshold){
    
    // rateHighThreshold
    rate = rateHighThreshold;
    
  }

  // Map
  distance = map(distance, 45, 2, 0, 1023);
  rate = map(rate, 45, 2, 0, 1023);
  
  // Read the knob
  // Value is 0-1023
  int knob_value = mozziAnalogRead(KNOB_PIN);

  // Read the mod_ratio
  // Value is 0-1023
  mod_ratio = mozziAnalogRead(iModRatio);

  // Map
  mod_ratio = map(mod_ratio, 0, 1023, 2, 15);

  // Map the knob to carrier frequency
  int carrier_freq = kMapCarrierFreq(knob_value);

  // Calculate the modulation frequency to stay in ratio
  int mod_freq = carrier_freq * mod_ratio;

  // Set the FM oscillator frequencies
  aCarrier.setFreq(carrier_freq);
  aModulator.setFreq(mod_freq);

  // Read the light dependent resistor on the width
  LDR1_PIN = distance;
  int LDR1_value = LDR1_PIN;

  int LDR1_calibrated = kMapIntensity(LDR1_value);

  // Calculate the fm_intensity
  // Shift back to range after 8 bit multiply
  fm_intensity = ((long)LDR1_calibrated * (kIntensityMod.next()+128))>>8;
  
  // Read the light dependent resistor on the speed
  LDR2_PIN = rate;
  int LDR2_value= LDR2_PIN;

  // Use a float here for low frequencies
  float mod_speed = (float)kMapModSpeed(LDR2_value)/1000;

  kIntensityMod.setFreq(mod_speed);
  
}
// Update Audio
int updateAudio()
{

  // Update Audio
  long modulation = aSmoothIntensity.next(fm_intensity) * aModulator.next();
  return aCarrier.phMod(modulation);

}

setup.ino

// Setup
void setup() {

  // Setup HC-SR04
  setupHCSR04();

  // Delay
  delay( 200 );

  // Mozzi Start
  startMozzi();

}

——

People can contact us: https://www.donluc.com/?page_id=1927

Technology Experience

Single-Board Microcontrollers (PIC, Arduino, Raspberry Pi,Espressif, etc…)
IoT
Robotics
Camera and Video Capture Receiver Stationary, Wheel/Tank and Underwater Vehicle
Unmanned Vehicles Terrestrial and Marine
Research & Development (R & D)

Instructor and E-Mentor

IoT
PIC Microcontrollers
Arduino
Raspberry Pi
Espressif
Robotics

Follow Us

J. Luc Paquin – Curriculum Vitae – 2022 English & Español
https://www.jlpconsultants.com/luc/

Don Luc

Posted in #22 - Synthesizer, Arduino, Consultant, Digital Electronics, Fritzing, Microcontrollers, Musical Instruments, Program Arduino, Projects, SparkFun, Synth | Tagged Arduino, Components, Consultant, Electronics, Fritzing, Harmonics, Microcontrollers, Musical Instrument, Programming, Project, SparkFun, Synth, Synthesizer, Technology, Video Blog | Leave a comment

Project #22: Synthesizer – Solderable Breadboard – Large – Mk04

Published July 2, 2022 | By DonLuc

——

#DonLucElectronics #DonLuc #Synthesizer #UltrasonicSynth #Arduino #ArduinoProMini #Project #Fritzing #Programming #Electronics #Microcontrollers #Consultant

——

SparkFun Solderable Breadboard – Large

This is the Large SparkFun Solderable Breadboard. A bare PCB that is the exact size as our full-size breadboard with the same connections to pins and power rails. This board is especially useful for preserving a prototype or experiment you just created on a solderless breadboard by soldering all the pieces in place. The large solderable breadboard also includes real estate for screw terminal connectors and a trace down the center gutter for ground.

DL2206Mk02

1 x Arduino Pro Mini 328 – 5V/16MHz
2 x HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
1 x 1M Ohm Potentiometer
1 x Knob
1 x Audio Jack 3.5mm
1 x SparkFun Audio Jack Breakout
1 x SparkFun USB Mini-B Breakout
1 x SPDT Slide Switch
1 x JST Jumper 2 Wire Connector
1 x JST Jumper 3 Wire Connector
1 x Insignia Speakers
1 x SparkFun Solderable Breadboard – Large
1 x SparkFun FTDI Basic Breakout – 5V
1 x SparkFun Cerberus USB Cable

Arduino Pro Mini 328 – 5V/16MHz

Ech – Digital 13
Tri – Digital 12
EcR – Digital 11
TrR – Digital 10
SPK – Digital 9
CAP – Analog A0
VIN – +5V
GND – GND

——

DL2206Mk02p.ino

/* ***** Don Luc Electronics © *****
Software Version Information
Project #22: Synthesizer - Solderable Breadboard - Large - Mk04
22-04
DL2206Mk02p.ino
1 x Arduino Pro Mini 328 - 5V/16MHz
2 x HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
1 x 1M Ohm Potentiometer
1 x Knob
1 x Audio Jack 3.5mm
1 x SparkFun Audio Jack Breakout
1 x SparkFun USB Mini-B Breakout
1 x SPDT Slide Switch
1 x JST Jumper 2 Wire Connector
1 x JST Jumper 3 Wire Connector
1 x Insignia Speakers
1 x SparkFun Solderable Breadboard - Large
1 x SparkFun FTDI Basic Breakout - 5V
1 x SparkFun Cerberus USB Cable
*/

// Include the Library Code
// Mozzi
#include <MozziGuts.h>
// Oscillator
#include <Oscil.h>
// Table for Oscils to play
#include <tables/cos2048_int8.h>
// Smoothing Control
#include <Smooth.h>
// Maps unpredictable inputs to a range
#include <AutoMap.h>

// Desired carrier frequency max and min, for AutoMap
const int MIN_CARRIER_FREQ = 22;
const int MAX_CARRIER_FREQ = 440;

// Desired intensity max and min, for AutoMap, note they're inverted for reverse dynamics
const int MIN_INTENSITY = 700;
const int MAX_INTENSITY = 10;

// Desired mod speed max and min, for AutoMap, note they're inverted for reverse dynamics
const int MIN_MOD_SPEED = 10000;
const int MAX_MOD_SPEED = 1;

// Maps unpredictable inputs to a range
AutoMap kMapCarrierFreq(0,1023,MIN_CARRIER_FREQ,MAX_CARRIER_FREQ);
AutoMap kMapIntensity(0,1023,MIN_INTENSITY,MAX_INTENSITY);
AutoMap kMapModSpeed(0,1023,MIN_MOD_SPEED,MAX_MOD_SPEED);

// Set the input for the knob to analog pin 0
const int KNOB_PIN = A0;
// Set the analog input for fm_intensity
int LDR1_PIN;
// Set the analog input for mod rate
int LDR2_PIN;

// Table for Oscils to play
Oscil<COS2048_NUM_CELLS, AUDIO_RATE> aCarrier(COS2048_DATA);
Oscil<COS2048_NUM_CELLS, AUDIO_RATE> aModulator(COS2048_DATA);
Oscil<COS2048_NUM_CELLS, CONTROL_RATE> kIntensityMod(COS2048_DATA);

// Brightness (harmonics)
int mod_ratio = 5;
// Carries control info from updateControl to updateAudio
long fm_intensity;

// Smoothing for intensity to remove clicks on transitions
float smoothness = 0.95f;
Smooth <long> aSmoothIntensity(smoothness);

// Trigger pin 12 to pitch distance sensor
const int iTrigPitch = 12;
// Echo Receive pin 13 to pitch distance sensor
const int iEchoPitch = 13;
// Define the useable range of the pitch sensor
const int pitchLowThreshold = 45;
const int pitchHighThreshold = 2;    
// Stores the distance measured by the distance sensor
float distance = 0;
// Trigger pin 10 to rate distance sensor
const int iTrigRate = 10;
// Echo Receive pin 13 to pitch distance sensor
const int iEchoRate = 11;
// Define the useable range of the pitch sensor
const int rateLowThreshold = 45;
const int rateHighThreshold = 2;    
// Stores the distance measured by the distance sensor
float rate = 0;

// Mini Speaker
int SPK = 9;

// Software Version Information
String sver = "22-04";

void loop() {

  // Audio Hook
  audioHook();
  
}

getHC-SR04.ino

// HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
// Setup HC-SR04
void setupHCSR04() {

  // The trigger iTrig Pitch will output pulses of electricity
  pinMode(iTrigPitch, OUTPUT);
  // The echo iEcho will measure the duration of pulses coming back from the distance sensor
  pinMode(iEchoPitch, INPUT);

  // The trigger iTrig Rate will output pulses of electricity
  pinMode(iTrigRate, OUTPUT);
  // The echo iEcho will measure the duration of pulses coming back from the distance sensor
  pinMode(iEchoRate, INPUT);
  
}
// Distance
float isDistance() {
  
  // Variable to store the time it takes for a ping to bounce off an object
  float echoTime;
  // Variable to store the distance calculated from the echo time
  float calculatedDistance;

  // Send out an ultrasonic pulse that's 10ms long
  digitalWrite(iTrigPitch, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(10);
  digitalWrite(iTrigPitch, LOW);

  // Use the pulseIn command to see how long it takes for the
  // pulse to bounce back to the sensor
  echoTime = pulseIn(iEchoPitch, HIGH);

  // Calculate the distance of the object that reflected the pulse
  // (half the bounce time multiplied by the speed of sound)
  calculatedDistance = echoTime * 0.034 / 2;

  // Send back the distance that was calculated
  return calculatedDistance;
  
}
// Rate
float isRate() {
  
  // Variable to store the time it takes for a ping to bounce off an object
  float echoTime;
  // Variable to store the distance calculated from the echo time
  float calculatedDistance;

  // Send out an ultrasonic pulse that's 10ms long
  digitalWrite(iTrigRate, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(10);
  digitalWrite(iTrigRate, LOW);

  // Use the pulseIn command to see how long it takes for the
  // pulse to bounce back to the sensor
  echoTime = pulseIn(iEchoRate, HIGH);

  // Calculate the distance of the object that reflected the pulse
  // (half the bounce time multiplied by the speed of sound)
  // cm = 58.0
  calculatedDistance = echoTime * 0.034 / 2;

  // Send back the distance that was calculated
  return calculatedDistance;
  
}

getMozzi.ino

// Mozzi
// Update Control
void updateControl(){

  // Variable to store the distance measured by the sensor
  distance = isDistance();
  // Low Threshold
  if ( distance >= pitchLowThreshold) {

    // pitchLowThreshold
    distance = pitchLowThreshold;
    
  }
  // High Threshold
  if ( distance < pitchHighThreshold){
    
    // pitchHighThreshold
    distance = pitchHighThreshold;
    
  }

  // Variable to store the distance measured by the sensor
  rate = isRate();
  // Low Threshold
  if ( rate >= rateLowThreshold) {

    // rateLowThreshold
    rate = rateLowThreshold;
    
  }
  // High Threshold
  if ( rate < rateHighThreshold){
    
    // rateHighThreshold
    rate = rateHighThreshold;
    
  }

  // Read the knob
  // Value is 0-1023
  int knob_value = mozziAnalogRead(KNOB_PIN);

  // Map the knob to carrier frequency
  int carrier_freq = kMapCarrierFreq(knob_value);

  // Calculate the modulation frequency to stay in ratio
  int mod_freq = carrier_freq * mod_ratio;

  // Set the FM oscillator frequencies
  aCarrier.setFreq(carrier_freq);
  aModulator.setFreq(mod_freq);

  // Read the light dependent resistor on the width
  LDR1_PIN = distance;
  int LDR1_value = LDR1_PIN;

  int LDR1_calibrated = kMapIntensity(LDR1_value);

  // Calculate the fm_intensity
  // Shift back to range after 8 bit multiply
  fm_intensity = ((long)LDR1_calibrated * (kIntensityMod.next()+128))>>8;
  
  // Read the light dependent resistor on the speed
  LDR2_PIN = rate;
  int LDR2_value= LDR2_PIN;

  // Use a float here for low frequencies
  float mod_speed = (float)kMapModSpeed(LDR2_value)/1000;

  kIntensityMod.setFreq(mod_speed);
  
}
// Update Audio
int updateAudio()
{

  // Update Audio
  long modulation = aSmoothIntensity.next(fm_intensity) * aModulator.next();
  return aCarrier.phMod(modulation);

}

setup.ino

// Setup
void setup() {

  // Setup HC-SR04
  setupHCSR04();

  // Delay
  delay( 200 );

  // Mozzi Start
  startMozzi();

}

——

People can contact us: https://www.donluc.com/?page_id=1927

Technology Experience

Single-Board Microcontrollers (PIC, Arduino, Raspberry Pi,Espressif, etc…)
IoT
Robotics
Camera and Video Capture Receiver Stationary, Wheel/Tank and Underwater Vehicle
Unmanned Vehicles Terrestrial and Marine
Research & Development (R & D)

Instructor and E-Mentor

IoT
PIC Microcontrollers
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https://www.jlpconsultants.com/luc/

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Posted in #22 - Synthesizer, Arduino, Consultant, Digital Electronics, Fritzing, Microcontrollers, Musical Instruments, Program Arduino, Projects, SparkFun, Synth | Tagged Arduino, Components, Consultant, Electronics, Fritzing, Microcontrollers, Musical Instrument, Programming, Project, Solderable Breadboard, SparkFun, Synth, Synthesizer, Video Blog | Leave a comment

Project #22: Synthesizer – UltrasonicSynth – Mk03

Published June 25, 2022 | By DonLuc

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#DonLucElectronics #DonLuc #Synthesizer #UltrasonicSynth #Arduino #ArduinoProMini #Project #Fritzing #Programming #Electronics #Microcontrollers #Consultant

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UltrasonicSynth Mozzi

Oscil

Oscil plays a wavetable, cycling through the table to generate an audio or control signal. The frequency of the signal can be set or changed, and the output of an Oscil can be produced with for a simple cycling oscillator, or for a particular sample in the table.

Soundtables

Look-up-tables and python scripts to generate tables or convert sounds. Includes ready-to-use wave tables and a few example samples. Also check out the other scripts in the python folder for templates to use if you want to do your own thing.

Smooth

A simple infinite impulse response low pass filter for smoothing control or audio signals. Smoothness sets how much smoothing the filter will apply to its input. Use a float in the range 0 – 1, where 0 is not very smooth and 0.99 is very smooth.

AutoMap

Automatically map an input value to an output range without knowing the precise range of inputs beforehand.

DL2204Mk01

1 x Arduino Pro Mini 328 – 5V/16MHz
2 x HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
1 x 1M Ohm Potentiometer
1 x Knob
1 x Audio Jack 3.5mm
1 x SparkFun Audio Jack Breakout
1 x Insignia Speakers
1 x Full-Size Breadboard
1 x Half-Size Breadboard
1 x SparkFun FTDI Basic Breakout – 5V
1 x SparkFun Cerberus USB Cable

Arduino Pro Mini 328 – 5V/16MHz

Ech – Digital 13
Tri – Digital 12
EcR – Digital 11
TrR – Digital 10
SPK – Digital 9
CAP – Analog A0
VIN – +5V
GND – GND

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DL2206Mk01p.ino

/* ***** Don Luc Electronics © *****
Software Version Information
Project #22: Synthesizer - UltrasonicSynth - Mk03
22-03
DL2206Mk01p.ino
1 x Arduino Pro Mini 328 - 5V/16MHz
2 x HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
1 x 1M Ohm Potentiometer
1 x Knob
1 x Audio Jack 3.5mm
1 x SparkFun Audio Jack Breakout
1 x Insignia Speakers
1 x Full-Size Breadboard
1 x Half-Size Breadboard
1 x SparkFun FTDI Basic Breakout - 5V
1 x SparkFun Cerberus USB Cable
*/

// Include the Library Code
// Mozzi
#include <MozziGuts.h>
// Oscillator
#include <Oscil.h>
// Table for Oscils to play
#include <tables/cos2048_int8.h>
// Smoothing Control
#include <Smooth.h>
// Maps unpredictable inputs to a range
#include <AutoMap.h>

// Desired carrier frequency max and min, for AutoMap
const int MIN_CARRIER_FREQ = 22;
const int MAX_CARRIER_FREQ = 440;

// Desired intensity max and min, for AutoMap, note they're inverted for reverse dynamics
const int MIN_INTENSITY = 450;
const int MAX_INTENSITY = 50;

// Desired mod speed max and min, for AutoMap, note they're inverted for reverse dynamics
const int MIN_MOD_SPEED = 450;
const int MAX_MOD_SPEED = 50;

// Maps unpredictable inputs to a range
AutoMap kMapCarrierFreq(0,1023,MIN_CARRIER_FREQ,MAX_CARRIER_FREQ);
AutoMap kMapIntensity(0,1023,MIN_INTENSITY,MAX_INTENSITY);
AutoMap kMapModSpeed(0,1023,MIN_MOD_SPEED,MAX_MOD_SPEED);

// Set the input for the knob to analog pin 0
const int KNOB_PIN = A0;
// Set the analog input for fm_intensity
int LDR1_PIN;
// Set the analog input for mod rate
int LDR2_PIN;

// Table for Oscils to play
Oscil<COS2048_NUM_CELLS, AUDIO_RATE> aCarrier(COS2048_DATA);
Oscil<COS2048_NUM_CELLS, AUDIO_RATE> aModulator(COS2048_DATA);
Oscil<COS2048_NUM_CELLS, CONTROL_RATE> kIntensityMod(COS2048_DATA);

// Brightness (harmonics)
int mod_ratio = 5;
// Carries control info from updateControl to updateAudio
long fm_intensity;

// Smoothing for intensity to remove clicks on transitions
float smoothness = 0.95f;
Smooth <long> aSmoothIntensity(smoothness);

// Trigger pin 12 to pitch distance sensor
const int iTrigPitch = 12;
// Echo Receive pin 13 to pitch distance sensor
const int iEchoPitch = 13;
// Define the useable range of the pitch sensor
const int pitchLowThreshold = 450;
const int pitchHighThreshold = 50;    
// Stores the distance measured by the distance sensor
float distance = 0;
// Trigger pin 10 to rate distance sensor
const int iTrigRate = 10;
// Echo Receive pin 13 to pitch distance sensor
const int iEchoRate = 11;
// Define the useable range of the pitch sensor
const int rateLowThreshold = 450;
const int rateHighThreshold = 50;    
// Stores the distance measured by the distance sensor
float rate = 0;

// Mini Speaker
int SPK = 9;

// Software Version Information
String sver = "22-03";

void loop() {

  // Audio Hook
  audioHook();
  
}

getHC-SR04.ino

// HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
// Setup HC-SR04
void setupHCSR04() {

  // The trigger iTrig Pitch will output pulses of electricity
  pinMode(iTrigPitch, OUTPUT);
  // The echo iEcho will measure the duration of pulses coming back from the distance sensor
  pinMode(iEchoPitch, INPUT);

  // The trigger iTrig Rate will output pulses of electricity
  pinMode(iTrigRate, OUTPUT);
  // The echo iEcho will measure the duration of pulses coming back from the distance sensor
  pinMode(iEchoRate, INPUT);
  
}
// Distance
float isDistance() {
  
  // Variable to store the time it takes for a ping to bounce off an object
  float echoTime;
  // Variable to store the distance calculated from the echo time
  float calculatedDistance;

  // Send out an ultrasonic pulse that's 10ms long
  digitalWrite(iTrigPitch, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(10);
  digitalWrite(iTrigPitch, LOW);

  // Use the pulseIn command to see how long it takes for the
  // pulse to bounce back to the sensor
  echoTime = pulseIn(iEchoPitch, HIGH);

  // Calculate the distance of the object that reflected the pulse
  // (half the bounce time multiplied by the speed of sound)
  // cm = 58.0
  calculatedDistance = echoTime / 58.0;

  // Send back the distance that was calculated
  return calculatedDistance;
  
}
// Rate
float isRate() {
  
  // Variable to store the time it takes for a ping to bounce off an object
  float echoTime;
  // Variable to store the distance calculated from the echo time
  float calculatedDistance;

  // Send out an ultrasonic pulse that's 10ms long
  digitalWrite(iTrigRate, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(10);
  digitalWrite(iTrigRate, LOW);

  // Use the pulseIn command to see how long it takes for the
  // pulse to bounce back to the sensor
  echoTime = pulseIn(iEchoRate, HIGH);

  // Calculate the distance of the object that reflected the pulse
  // (half the bounce time multiplied by the speed of sound)
  // cm = 58.0
  calculatedDistance = echoTime / 58.0;

  // Send back the distance that was calculated
  return calculatedDistance;
  
}

getMozzi.ino

// Mozzi
// Update Control
void updateControl(){

  // Variable to store the distance measured by the sensor
  distance = isDistance();
  // Low Threshold
  if ( distance >= pitchLowThreshold) {

    // pitchLowThreshold
    distance = pitchLowThreshold;
    
  }
  // High Threshold
  if ( distance < pitchHighThreshold){
    
    // pitchHighThreshold
    distance = pitchHighThreshold;
    
  }

  // Variable to store the distance measured by the sensor
  rate = isRate();
  // Low Threshold
  if ( rate >= rateLowThreshold) {

    // rateLowThreshold
    rate = rateLowThreshold;
    
  }
  // High Threshold
  if ( rate < rateHighThreshold){
    
    // rateHighThreshold
    rate = rateHighThreshold;
    
  }

  // Read the knob
  // Value is 0-1023
  int knob_value = mozziAnalogRead(KNOB_PIN);

  // Map the knob to carrier frequency
  int carrier_freq = kMapCarrierFreq(knob_value);

  // Calculate the modulation frequency to stay in ratio
  int mod_freq = carrier_freq * mod_ratio;

  // Set the FM oscillator frequencies
  aCarrier.setFreq(carrier_freq);
  aModulator.setFreq(mod_freq);

  // Read the light dependent resistor on the width
  LDR1_PIN = distance;
  int LDR1_value = LDR1_PIN;

  int LDR1_calibrated = kMapIntensity(LDR1_value);

  // Calculate the fm_intensity
  // Shift back to range after 8 bit multiply
  fm_intensity = ((long)LDR1_calibrated * (kIntensityMod.next()+128))>>8;
  
  // Read the light dependent resistor on the speed
  LDR2_PIN = rate;
  int LDR2_value= LDR2_PIN;

  // Use a float here for low frequencies
  float mod_speed = (float)kMapModSpeed(LDR2_value)/1000;

  kIntensityMod.setFreq(mod_speed);
  
}
// Update Audio
int updateAudio()
{

  // Update Audio
  long modulation = aSmoothIntensity.next(fm_intensity) * aModulator.next();
  return aCarrier.phMod(modulation);

}

setup.ino

// Setup
void setup() {

  // Setup HC-SR04
  setupHCSR04();

  // Delay
  delay( 200 );

  // Mozzi Start
  startMozzi();

}

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People can contact us: https://www.donluc.com/?page_id=1927

Technology Experience

Single-Board Microcontrollers (PIC, Arduino, Raspberry Pi,Espressif, etc…)
IoT
Robotics
Camera and Video Capture Receiver Stationary, Wheel/Tank and Underwater Vehicle
Unmanned Vehicles Terrestrial and Marine
Research & Development (R & D)

Instructor and E-Mentor

IoT
PIC Microcontrollers
Arduino
Raspberry Pi
Espressif
Robotics

Follow Us

J. Luc Paquin – Curriculum Vitae – 2022 English & Español
https://www.jlpconsultants.com/luc/

Don Luc

Posted in #22 - Synthesizer, Arduino, Consultant, Digital Electronics, Fritzing, Microcontrollers, Musical Instruments, Program Arduino, Projects, SparkFun, Synth | Tagged Arduino, Components, Consultant, Electronics, Fritzing, Microcontrollers, Musical Instrument, Programming, Project, Sound, SparkFun, Synthesizer, Technology, UltrasonicSynth, Video Blog | Leave a comment