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#donluc #sound #simplekeyboard #synthesizer #mozzi #adsr #programming #arduino #fritzing #electronics #microcontrollers #consultant #vlog
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Envelope Music
In sound and music, an envelope describes how a sound changes over time. It may relate to elements such as amplitude (volume), filters (frequencies) or pitch. For example, a piano key, when struck and held, creates a near-immediate initial sound which gradually decreases in volume to zero. Envelope generators, which allow users to control the different stages of a sound, are common features of synthesizers, samplers, and other electronic musical instruments. The most common form of envelope generator is controlled with four parameters: attack, decay, sustain and release (ADSR).
A Simple ADSR Envelope Generator
This implementation has separate update and next methods, where next interpolates values between each update. The normal way to use this would be with update in update control, where it calculates a new internal state each control step, and then next is in update audio, called much more often, where it interpolates between the control values. This also allows the ADSR updates to be made even more sparsely if desired, eg. every 3rd control update.
Template Parameters
Control Update Rate: The frequency of control updates. Ordinarily this will be control rate, but an alternative (amongst others) is to set this as well as the lerp rate parameter to audio rate, and call both update and next in update audio. Such a use would allow accurate envelopes with finer resolution of the control points than control rate.
Lerp Rate: Sets how often next will be called, to interpolate between updates set by control update rate. This will produce the smoothest results if it’s set to audio rate, but if you need to save processor time and your envelope changes slowly or controls something like a filter where there may not be problems with glitchy or clicking transitions, lerp rate could be set to control rate (for instance). Then update and next could both be called in update control, greatly reducing the amount of processing required compared to calling next in update audio.
Oscil Sine Wave
Oscil plays a wavetable, cycling through the table to generate an audio or control signal. The frequency of the signal can be set or changed with frequency, and the output of an Oscil can be produced with next for a simple cycling oscillator, for a particular sample in the table.
DL2011Mk05
1 x Arduino Pro Mini 328 – 5V/16MHz
8 x Tactile Button
1 x Audio Jack 3.5mm
1 x SparkFun Audio Jack Breakout
1 x Speaker
8 x Wire Solid Core – 22 AWG
3 x Jumper Wires 3in M/M
11 x Jumper Wires 6in M/M
2 x Full-Size Breadboard
1 x SparkFun Cerberus USB Cable
1 x SparkFun FTDI Basic Breakout – 5V
Arduino Pro Mini 328 – 5V/16MHz
SPK – Digital 9
KY2 – Digital 2
KY3 – Digital 3
KY4 – Digital 4
KY5 – Digital 5
KY6 – Digital 6
KY7 – Digital 7
KY8 – Digital 8
KY9 – Digital 10
VIN – +5V
GND – GND
DL2011Mk05p.ino
// ***** Don Luc Electronics © *****
// Software Version Information
// Project #16: Sound - Mozzi ADSR - Mk11
// 11-05
// DL2011Mk05p.ino 16-11
// 1 x Arduino Pro Mini 328 - 5V/16MHz
// 8 x Tactile Button
// 1 x Audio Jack 3.5mm
// 1 x SparkFun Audio Jack Breakout
// 1 x Speaker
// 8 x Wire Solid Core - 22 AWG
// 3 x Jumper Wires 3in M/M
// 11 x Jumper Wires 6in M/M
// 2 x Full-Size Breadboard
// 1 x SparkFun Cerberus USB Cable
// 1 x SparkFun FTDI Basic Breakout - 5V
// Include the Library Code
// Pitches
#include "pitches.h"
// Mozzi
#include
#include
#include
// Oscillator Tables used for output Waveshape
#include
// Simple Keyboard
// Minimum reading of the button that generates a note
const int iKeyboard2 = 2;
const int iKeyboard3 = 3;
const int iKeyboard4 = 4;
const int iKeyboard5 = 5;
const int iKeyboard6 = 6;
const int iKeyboard7 = 7;
const int iKeyboard8 = 8;
const int iKeyboard9 = 10;
// Button is pressed
int aa = 1;
int bb = 1;
int cc = 1;
int dd = 1;
int ee = 1;
int ff = 1;
int gg = 1;
int hh = 1;
// Frequency
int iFreg = 0;
int iNoteA = 0;
int iNoteB = 0;
int iNoteC = 0;
int iNoteD = 0;
int iNoteE = 0;
int iNoteF = 0;
int iNoteG = 0;
int iNoteAA = 0;
//Oscillator Functions declared for output envelope 1
// Sine Wave
Oscil <2048, AUDIO_RATE> aSin1(SIN2048_DATA);
// ADSR declaration/definition
// Comment out to use default control rate of 64
#define CONTROL_RATE 128
ADSR envelope1;
// Software Version Information
String sver = "16-11";
void loop() {
// Audio Hook
audioHook();
}
getKeyboard.ino
// getKeyboard
// setupKeyboard
void setupKeyboard() {
// Initialize the pushbutton pin as an input
pinMode(iKeyboard2, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(iKeyboard3, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(iKeyboard4, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(iKeyboard5, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(iKeyboard6, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(iKeyboard7, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(iKeyboard8, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(iKeyboard9, INPUT_PULLUP);
}
// isKeyboard
void isKeyboard() {
// Read the state of the pushbutton value
if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard2) == LOW ) {
// Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally
aa = aa + 1;
// ADSR declaration/definition
envelope1.noteOn();
aSin1.setFreq(iNoteA);
}
else
{
aa = aa - 1;
}
// Read the state of the pushbutton value
if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard3) == LOW ) {
// Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally
bb = bb + 1;
// Waveform
envelope1.noteOn();
aSin1.setFreq(iNoteB);
}
else
{
bb = bb - 1;
}
// Read the state of the pushbutton value
if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard4) == LOW ) {
// Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally
cc = cc + 1;
// Waveform
// ADSR declaration/definition
envelope1.noteOn();
aSin1.setFreq(iNoteC);
}
else
{
cc = cc - 1;
}
// Read the state of the pushbutton value
if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard5) == LOW ) {
// Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally
dd = dd + 1;
// ADSR declaration/definition
envelope1.noteOn();
aSin1.setFreq(iNoteD);
}
else
{
dd = dd - 1;
}
// Read the state of the pushbutton value
if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard6) == LOW ) {
// Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally
ee = ee + 1;
// ADSR declaration/definition
envelope1.noteOn();
aSin1.setFreq(iNoteE);
}
else
{
ee = ee - 1;
}
// Read the state of the pushbutton value
if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard7) == LOW ) {
// Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally
ff = ff + 1;
// ADSR declaration/definition
envelope1.noteOn();
aSin1.setFreq(iNoteF);
}
else
{
ff = ff - 1;
}
// Read the state of the pushbutton value
if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard8) == LOW ) {
// Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally
gg = gg + 1;
// ADSR declaration/definition
envelope1.noteOn();
aSin1.setFreq(iNoteG);
}
else
{
gg = gg - 1;
}
// Read the state of the pushbutton value
if ( digitalRead(iKeyboard9) == LOW ) {
// Button is pressed - pullup keeps pin high normally
hh = hh + 1;
// ADSR declaration/definition
envelope1.noteOn();
aSin1.setFreq(iNoteAA);
}
else
{
hh = hh - 1;
}
}
getMozzi.ino
// Mozzi
// Update Control
void updateControl(){
// Frequency
isPitches();
// Keyboard
isKeyboard();
}
// Update Audio
int updateAudio(){
// ADSR declaration/definition
envelope1.update();
// >>8 for AUDIO_MODE STANDARD
return (int) (envelope1.next() * aSin1.next())>>8;
}
getPitches.ino
// Pitches
// isPitches
void isPitches(){
// Frequency
iFreg = 6;
// Range Frequency Note Low => High
switch ( iFreg ) {
case 1:
// NOTE A1
iNoteA = NOTE_A1;
iNoteB = NOTE_B1;
iNoteC = NOTE_C2;
iNoteD = NOTE_D2;
iNoteE = NOTE_E2;
iNoteF = NOTE_F2;
iNoteG = NOTE_G2;
iNoteAA = NOTE_A2;
break;
case 2:
// NOTE A2
iNoteA = NOTE_A2;
iNoteB = NOTE_B2;
iNoteC = NOTE_C3;
iNoteD = NOTE_D3;
iNoteE = NOTE_E3;
iNoteF = NOTE_F3;
iNoteG = NOTE_G3;
iNoteAA = NOTE_A3;
break;
case 3:
// NOTE A3
iNoteA = NOTE_A3;
iNoteB = NOTE_B3;
iNoteC = NOTE_C4;
iNoteD = NOTE_D4;
iNoteE = NOTE_E4;
iNoteF = NOTE_F4;
iNoteG = NOTE_G4;
iNoteAA = NOTE_A4;
break;
case 4:
// NOTE A4
iNoteA = NOTE_A4;
iNoteB = NOTE_B4;
iNoteC = NOTE_C5;
iNoteD = NOTE_D5;
iNoteE = NOTE_E5;
iNoteF = NOTE_F5;
iNoteG = NOTE_G5;
iNoteAA = NOTE_A5;
break;
case 5:
// NOTE A5
iNoteA = NOTE_A5;
iNoteB = NOTE_B5;
iNoteC = NOTE_C6;
iNoteD = NOTE_D6;
iNoteE = NOTE_E6;
iNoteF = NOTE_F6;
iNoteG = NOTE_G6;
iNoteAA = NOTE_A6;
break;
case 6:
// NOTE A6
iNoteA = NOTE_A6;
iNoteB = NOTE_B6;
iNoteC = NOTE_C7;
iNoteD = NOTE_D7;
iNoteE = NOTE_E7;
iNoteF = NOTE_F7;
iNoteG = NOTE_G7;
iNoteAA = NOTE_A7;
break;
}
}
pitches.h
/*****************************************************************
* Pitches NOTE_B0 <=> NOTE_DS8 - NOTE_A4 is "A" measured at 440Hz
*****************************************************************/
#define NOTE_B0 31
#define NOTE_C1 33
#define NOTE_CS1 35
#define NOTE_D1 37
#define NOTE_DS1 39
#define NOTE_E1 41
#define NOTE_F1 44
#define NOTE_FS1 46
#define NOTE_G1 49
#define NOTE_GS1 52
#define NOTE_A1 55
#define NOTE_AS1 58
#define NOTE_B1 62
#define NOTE_C2 65
#define NOTE_CS2 69
#define NOTE_D2 73
#define NOTE_DS2 78
#define NOTE_E2 82
#define NOTE_F2 87
#define NOTE_FS2 93
#define NOTE_G2 98
#define NOTE_GS2 104
#define NOTE_A2 110
#define NOTE_AS2 117
#define NOTE_B2 123
#define NOTE_C3 131
#define NOTE_CS3 139
#define NOTE_D3 147
#define NOTE_DS3 156
#define NOTE_E3 165
#define NOTE_F3 175
#define NOTE_FS3 185
#define NOTE_G3 196
#define NOTE_GS3 208
#define NOTE_A3 220
#define NOTE_AS3 233
#define NOTE_B3 247
#define NOTE_C4 262
#define NOTE_CS4 277
#define NOTE_D4 294
#define NOTE_DS4 311
#define NOTE_E4 330
#define NOTE_F4 349
#define NOTE_FS4 370
#define NOTE_G4 392
#define NOTE_GS4 415
#define NOTE_A4 440
#define NOTE_AS4 466
#define NOTE_B4 494
#define NOTE_C5 523
#define NOTE_CS5 554
#define NOTE_D5 587
#define NOTE_DS5 622
#define NOTE_E5 659
#define NOTE_F5 698
#define NOTE_FS5 740
#define NOTE_G5 784
#define NOTE_GS5 831
#define NOTE_A5 880
#define NOTE_AS5 932
#define NOTE_B5 988
#define NOTE_C6 1047
#define NOTE_CS6 1109
#define NOTE_D6 1175
#define NOTE_DS6 1245
#define NOTE_E6 1319
#define NOTE_F6 1397
#define NOTE_FS6 1480
#define NOTE_G6 1568
#define NOTE_GS6 1661
#define NOTE_A6 1760
#define NOTE_AS6 1865
#define NOTE_B6 1976
#define NOTE_C7 2093
#define NOTE_CS7 2217
#define NOTE_D7 2349
#define NOTE_DS7 2489
#define NOTE_E7 2637
#define NOTE_F7 2794
#define NOTE_FS7 2960
#define NOTE_G7 3136
#define NOTE_GS7 3322
#define NOTE_A7 3520
#define NOTE_AS7 3729
#define NOTE_B7 3951
#define NOTE_C8 4186
#define NOTE_CS8 4435
#define NOTE_D8 4699
#define NOTE_DS8 4978
setup.ino
// Setup
void setup() {
// Setup Keyboard
setupKeyboard();
// Start Mozzi
startMozzi( CONTROL_RATE );
// Sets Attack and Decay Levels; assumes Sustain, Decay, and Idle times
envelope1.setADLevels(200,200);
// Sets Decay time in milliseconds
envelope1.setDecayTime(100);
// Sustain Time setting for envelope1
envelope1.setSustainTime(32500);
}
Sounds
https://www.donluc.com/DLE/sounds.html
Technology Experience
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